POJ 3070 Fibonacci(矩阵快速幂)

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Fibonacci

Time Limit:  1000MS
Memory Limit: 65536K

Description

In the Fibonacci integer sequence, F0 = 0, F1 = 1, and Fn = Fn − 1 + Fn − 2 for n ≥ 2. For example, the first ten terms of the Fibonacci sequence are:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …

An alternative formula for the Fibonacci sequence is

.

Given an integer n, your goal is to compute the last 4 digits of Fn.

Input

The input test file will contain multiple test cases. Each test case consists of a single line containing n (where 0 ≤ n ≤ 1,000,000,000). The end-of-file is denoted by a single line containing the number −1.

Output

For each test case, print the last four digits of Fn. If the last four digits of Fn are all zeros, print ‘0’; otherwise, omit any leading zeros (i.e., print Fn mod 10000).

Sample Input

0
9
999999999
1000000000
-1

Sample Output

0
34
626
6875

这题让我见识到了矩阵的巨大威力。。(稍微回忆了下矩阵在18~19世纪的发展)

完整代码:
/*0ms,164KB*/

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
const int f0 = 0;
const int f1 = 1;
const int mod = 10000;

int n;

struct mat
{
	int v[2][2];
	mat()
	{
		memset(v, 0, sizeof(v));
	}
} matrix, tmp;

mat operator *(mat a, mat b)
{
	mat c;
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
			for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
				c.v[i][j] = (c.v[i][j] + a.v[i][k] * b.v[k][j]) % mod;
	return c;
}

mat matrix_qiuck_pow(mat a, int k)
{
	mat b;
	b.v[0][0] = 1;
	b.v[1][1] = 1;
	while (k)
	{
	    ///位运算求快速幂
	    ///由于十进制化二进制的过程是先算出低位的,刚好符合我们计算快速幂的方法!
		if (k & 1)
			b = b * a;
		k >>= 1;
		a = a * a;
	}
	return b;
}

int main()
{
    /*
    我是按
        F(n-1) Fn
        Fn     F(n+1)
    来排的
    */
	tmp.v[0][0] = 0;
	tmp.v[0][1] = 1;
	tmp.v[1][0] = 1;
	tmp.v[1][1] = 1;
	while (scanf("%d", &n), ~n)
	{
		matrix = tmp;
		if (n == 0)
			puts("0");
		else
			printf("%d\n", matrix_qiuck_pow(matrix, n - 1).v[1][1]);
	}
	return 0;
}


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以下是Java解决POJ3233—矩阵幂序列问题的代码和解释: ```java import java.util.Scanner; public class Main { static int n, k, m; static int[][] A, E; public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); n = sc.nextInt(); k = sc.nextInt(); m = sc.nextInt(); A = new int[n][n]; E = new int[n][n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { A[i][j] = sc.nextInt() % m; E[i][j] = (i == j) ? 1 : 0; } } int[][] res = matrixPow(A, k); int[][] ans = matrixAdd(res, E); printMatrix(ans); } // 矩阵乘法 public static int[][] matrixMul(int[][] a, int[][] b) { int[][] c = new int[n][n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) { c[i][j] = (c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j]) % m; } } } return c; } // 矩阵快速幂 public static int[][] matrixPow(int[][] a, int b) { int[][] res = E; while (b > 0) { if ((b & 1) == 1) { res = matrixMul(res, a); } a = matrixMul(a, a); b >>= 1; } return res; } // 矩阵加法 public static int[][] matrixAdd(int[][] a, int[][] b) { int[][] c = new int[n][n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { c[i][j] = (a[i][j] + b[i][j]) % m; } } return c; } // 输出矩阵 public static void printMatrix(int[][] a) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { System.out.print(a[i][j] + " "); } System.out.println(); } } } ``` 解释: 1. 首先读入输入的n、k、m和矩阵A,同时初始化单位矩阵E。 2. 然后调用matrixPow函数求出A的k次幂矩阵res。 3. 最后将res和E相加得到结果ans,并输出。 4. matrixMul函数实现矩阵乘法,matrixPow函数实现矩阵快速幂,matrixAdd函数实现矩阵加法,printMatrix函数实现输出矩阵

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