tomcat调优

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-27 10:21:51 发布

syslbjjly

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-27 10:21:51 发布

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分类专栏： tomcat

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Tomcat 优化分为系统优化，Java虚拟机调优,Tomcat本身的优化

一、调整tomcat的占用内存

-Xms为tomcat的初始内存，一般为服务器开机后的可用空闲内存减去100M，也就是说内存的1/64，相当于使用物理内存的80%。

-Xmx为tomcat 的最大占用内存，一般为服务器开机后可用空闲内存减去50M，也就是说内存的1/4

设置：

在tomcat的catallina.sh和catalina.bat中寻找是否有内存参数一行：JAVA_OPTS，如果找不到可以在第一行进行添加。如：

JAVA_OPTS="-Xms 800m -Xmx 800m"

二、调整tomcat的线程参数

参数：

maxThreads 客户请求最大线程数

minSpareThreads Tomcat初始化时创建的 socket 线程数

maxSpareThreads Tomcat连接器的最大空闲 socket 线程数

acceptAccount 监听端口队列最大数，满了之后客户请求会被拒绝（不能小于maxSpareThreads ）

connectionTimeout 连接超时

minProcessors 服务器创建时的最小处理线程数

maxProcessors 服务器同时最大处理线程数

还有将请求压缩等

设置：

在tomcatconf目录下的server.xml文件中的<Connector>配置

maxThreads="150" 表示最多同时处理150个连接,Tomcat使用线程来处理接收的每个请求。这个值表示Tomcat可创建的最大的线程数。默认值200。

minSpareThreads="25" 表示即使没有人使用也开这么多空线程等待

maxSpareThreads="75" 表示如果最多可以空75个线程，例如某时刻有80人访问，之后没有人访问了，则tomcat不会保留80个空线程，而是关闭5个空的。（一旦创建的线程超过这个值，Tomcat就会关闭不再需要的socket线程。默认值50）

acceptCount="100" 当同时连接的人数达到maxThreads时，还可以接收排队的连接数量，超过这个连接的则直接返回拒绝连接。（指定当任何能够使用的处理请求的线程数都被使用时，能够放到处理队列中的请求数，超过这个数的请求将不予处理。默认值100。）

web server允许的最大连接数还受制于操作系统的内核参数设置，通常Windows是2000个左右，Linux是1000个左右。

例子：

<Connector port="8080" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" acceptCount="100"/>

主要是调整maxThreads 和acceptCount的值

对于其他端口的侦听配置，以此类推。

在tomcat配置文档server.xml中的配置中，和连接数相关的其他参数有：

enableLookups：是否反查域名，默认值为true。为了提高处理能力，应配置为false

connnectionTimeout：网络连接超时，默认值60000，单位：毫秒。配置为0表示永不超时，这样配置有隐患的。通常可配置为30000毫秒。

maxKeepAliveRequests：

nginx动态的转给tomcat，nginx是不能keepalive的，而tomcat端默认开启了keepalive，会等待keepalive的timeout，默认不设置就是使用connectionTimeout。

所以必须设置tomcat的超时时间，并关闭tomcat的keepalive。否则会产生大量tomcat的socket timewait。

maxKeepAliveRequests="1"就可以避免tomcat产生大量的TIME_WAIT连接，从而从一定程度上避免tomcat假死。

设置tomcat/conf/server.xml：

maxKeepAliveRequests="1"
connectionTimeout="20000"

maxKeepAliveRequests="1"表示每个连接只响应一次就关闭，这样就不会等待timeout了。
 
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="30000" maxKeepAliveRequests="1" 
               redirectPort="8443" bufferSize="8192" sockedBuffer="65536" acceptCount="200"/>

bufferSize：输入流缓冲大小，默认值2048 bytes。

compression：压缩传输，取值on/off/force，默认值off。

三、tomcat中如何禁止和允许列目录下的文档

在{tomcat_home}/conf/web.xml中，把listings参数配置成false即可，如下：

<servlet> 
    ... 
    <init-param> 
    <param-name>listings</param-name> 
    <param-value>false</param-value> 
    </init-param> 
    ... 
</servlet>

四、tomcat中如何禁止和允许主机或IP地址访问。

<Host name="localhost" ...> 
  ... 
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteHostValve" 
         allow="*.mycompany.com,www.yourcompany.com"/> 
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" 
         deny="192.168.1.*"/> 
  ... 
</Host>

cat /webgame/tomcat/conf/server.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- JMX Support for the Tomcat server. Documentation at /docs/non-existent.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              deion="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container", 
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">
  
    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" 
        maxThreads="500" minSpareThreads="50" maxIdleTime="60000"/>
    
    
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
        <!--
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="20000" 
               redirectPort="8443" maxThreads="500"/>
        -->
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="20000" 
               redirectPort="8443" maxKeepAliveRequests="1"/>
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the 
         connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
         described in the APR documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">         
    --> 
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->       
      <!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
           the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.
           Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
      <!--
      <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
      -->
      <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
           resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
           that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
           available for use by the Realm.  -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
             resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      <!-- Define the default virtual host
           Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.
       -->
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
            xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->
        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"  
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
        -->
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>