HttpClint 项目中使用

大家好 , 我是苏麟 , 今天带来一个HTTP通信库 HttpClient . 

1.HttpClient

2.RestTemplate

3.第三方库(Hutool)

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包 .

官方文档 :  Apache HttpComponents – HttpClient Overview

HttpClient的功能包括但不限于

1.模拟浏览器发送HTTP请求,发送请求参数,并接收响应 

2.RPC接口调用

3.爬取网页源码

HttpClient应用场景:

其实,应用程序本身并未实现这些功能,都是在应用程序里访问提供这些功能的服务,访问这些服务需要发送HTTP请求,并且接收响应数据,可通过HttpClient来实现。

HttpClient优点

基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了HTTP1.0和HTTP1.1;

以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了HTTP全部的方法(GET, POST等7种方法);

支持HTTPS协议;

HttpClient的核心API:

  • HttpClient:Http客户端对象类型,使用该类型对象可发起Http请求。

  • HttpClients:可认为是构建器,可创建HttpClient对象。

  • CloseableHttpClient:实现类,实现了HttpClient接口。

  • HttpGet:Get方式请求类型。

  • HttpPost:Post方式请求类型。

HttpClient发送请求步骤:

  • 创建HttpClient对象

  • 创建Http请求对象

  • 调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求

 开始使用

引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>

如果项目中有以下依赖就不需要引入了

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
    <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
</dependency>

案例一
Get请求
public class HttpClientDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //请求地址
        String url = "";
        //1.创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.使用get请求,创建HttpGet对象
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
        try {
            //3.发起请求, 使用client对象
            // CloseableHttpResponse:表示访问url后,对方给你返回的结果
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            //4.通过response获取请求的数据
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("访问地址后,得到结果内容:" + result);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭client
            try {
                client.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
Post请求
public class HttpClientDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //测试使用HttpClient的post请求
        //https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=0113a13c88697dcea6a445584d535837&ip="

        String url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip";
        //1创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //2.创建HttpPost对象
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);

        //3.给post请求,指定请求的参数, 参数名称=值的方式
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key", "0113a13c88697dcea6a445584d535837"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("ip", "39.137.95.111"));
        try {
            //添加其他的参数
            HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params);
            post.setEntity(entity);

            //执行请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                String str = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("返回结果 : " + str);
            }


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                client.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

案例二
Get请求
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {

    /**
     * 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求
     */
    @Test
    public void testGET() throws Exception{
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");

        //发送请求,接受响应结果
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        //获取服务端返回的状态码
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为:" + statusCode);

        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为:" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }
}
Post请求
	/**
     * 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求
     */
    @Test
    public void testPOST() throws Exception{
        // 创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("username","admin");
        jsonObject.put("password","123456");

        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
        //指定请求编码方式
        entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
        //数据格式
        entity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);

        //发送请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

        //解析返回结果
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("响应码为:" + statusCode);

        HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
        System.out.println("响应数据为:" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }

我们封装了 HttpClient 工具类可以直接使用



import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Http工具类
 */
public class HttpClientUtil {

    static final  int TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5 * 1000;

    /**
     * 发送GET方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> paramMap){
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String result = "";
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try{
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if(paramMap != null){
                for (String key : paramMap.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));
                }
            }
            URI uri = builder.build();

            //创建GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            //发送请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            //判断响应状态
            if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                response.close();
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建参数列表
            if (paramMap != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
                }
                // 模拟表单
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost4Json(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            if (paramMap != null) {
                //构造json格式数据
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());
                }
                StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"utf-8");
                //设置请求编码
                entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
                //设置数据类型
                entity.setContentType("application/json");
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }
    private static RequestConfig builderRequestConfig() {
        return RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();
    }

}

想要更深入了解请去官网 !

这期就到这里 , 拜拜 !

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