Java中实现复制的集中方式，深拷贝（深复制）和浅拷贝（浅复制）

之前一直听说相关的内容，但是一直没有时间总结，

今天就挤出一点时间来总结一下，然后加深一下自己的印象。

首先来一个直接赋值：

package test1;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 *
 * @ClassName CopyTest
 * @author yaxuSong
 * @date 2017年8月28日 上午10:47:32 
 * @Description TODO
 */
@Data
class Student{
	private User user;
	private String stuNo;
	/**
	 * @return the user
	 */
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}
	/**
	 * @param user the user to set
	 */
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the stuNo
	 */
	public String getStuNo() {
		return stuNo;
	}
	/**
	 * @param stuNo the stuNo to set
	 */
	public void setStuNo(String stuNo) {
		this.stuNo = stuNo;
	}
	
	public Student(int id,String name,String stuNo){
		this.user = new User(id,name);
		this.stuNo=stuNo;
	}
	
}

@Data
class User{
	private String name;
	private int id;
	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the id
	 */
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	/**
	 * @param id the id to set
	 */
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public User(int id,String name){
		this.id=id;
		this.name=name;
	}
	
}
public class CopyTest {
	 public static void main(String[] args){
		 System.out.println("1.直接赋值：--------------------------------");
		 Student st1 = new Student(1,"张三","00001");
		 Student st2 = new Student(2,"李四","00002");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 st1 = st2;
		 System.out.println("赋值之后");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 System.out.print("st1==st2 ? :->");		 
		 System.out.println(st1==st2);
		 System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
	 }
}

输出结果：

1.直接赋值：--------------------------------
Student(user=User(name=张三, id=1), stuNo=00001)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
赋值之后
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
st1==st2 ? :->true
-------------------------------------------

然后我们发现 赋值之后的st1竟然和st2是相等的。

这就是直接赋值，是st1的对象引用指向了st2的对象引用。

然后稍微修改一下代码，来一个浅拷贝：

package test1;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 *
 * @ClassName CopyTest
 * @author yaxuSong
 * @date 2017年8月28日 上午10:47:32 
 * @Description TODO
 */
@Data
class Student implements Cloneable{
	private User user;
	private String stuNo;
	/**
	 * @return the user
	 */
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}
	/**
	 * @param user the user to set
	 */
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the stuNo
	 */
	public String getStuNo() {
		return stuNo;
	}
	/**
	 * @param stuNo the stuNo to set
	 */
	public void setStuNo(String stuNo) {
		this.stuNo = stuNo;
	}
	
	public Student(int id,String name,String stuNo){
		this.user = new User(id,name);
		this.stuNo=stuNo;
	}
	@Override  
    public Object clone() {  
        Student stu = null;  
        try{  
            stu = (Student)super.clone();  
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return stu;  
    }  
	
}

@Data
class User{
	private String name;
	private int id;
	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the id
	 */
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	/**
	 * @param id the id to set
	 */
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public User(int id,String name){
		this.id=id;
		this.name=name;
	}
	
}
public class CopyTest {
	 public static void main(String[] args){
		 System.out.println("2.浅拷贝：--------------------------------");
		 Student st1 = new Student(1,"张三","00001");
		 Student st2 = new Student(2,"李四","00002");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 st1 = (Student)st2.clone();
		 System.out.println("赋值之后");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 System.out.print("st==st2 ? :->");		 
		 System.out.println(st1==st2);
		 System.out.println(st1.getUser()==(st2.getUser()));
		 
		 System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
	 }
}

输出结果：

2.浅拷贝：--------------------------------
false
Student(user=User(name=张三, id=1), stuNo=00001)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
赋值之后
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
st==st2 ? :->false
true
-------------------------------------------

我们可以看到，虽然st1和st2进行了赋值，但是赋值之后不再是相等了。

但是user部分还是相等的。

我们再修改下代码，然后测试3.深拷贝:

package test1;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 *
 * @ClassName CopyTest
 * @author yaxuSong
 * @date 2017年8月28日 上午10:47:32 
 * @Description TODO
 */
@Data
class Student implements Cloneable{
	private User user;
	private String stuNo;
	/**
	 * @return the user
	 */
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}
	/**
	 * @param user the user to set
	 */
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the stuNo
	 */
	public String getStuNo() {
		return stuNo;
	}
	/**
	 * @param stuNo the stuNo to set
	 */
	public void setStuNo(String stuNo) {
		this.stuNo = stuNo;
	}
	
	public Student(int id,String name,String stuNo){
		this.user = new User(id,name);
		this.stuNo=stuNo;
	}
	@Override  
    public Object clone() {  
        Student stu = null;  
        try{  
            stu = (Student)super.clone();  
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        stu.user = (User)user.clone(); 
        return stu;  
    }  
	
}

@Data
class User implements Cloneable{
	private String name;
	private int id;
	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the id
	 */
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	/**
	 * @param id the id to set
	 */
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public User(int id,String name){
		this.id=id;
		this.name=name;
	}
	@Override  
    public Object clone() {  
        User u = null;  
        try{  
            u = (User)super.clone();  
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return u;  
    }
}
public class CopyTest {
	 public static void main(String[] args){
		 System.out.println("3.深拷贝：--------------------------------");
		 Student st1 = new Student(1,"张三","00001");
		 Student st2 = new Student(2,"李四","00002");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 st1 = (Student)st2.clone();
		 System.out.println("赋值之后");
		 System.out.println(st1.toString());
		 System.out.println(st2.toString());
		 System.out.print("st==st2 ? :->");		 
		 System.out.println(st1==st2);
		 System.out.println(st1.getUser()==(st2.getUser()));
		 
		 System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
	 }
}

输出结果：

3.深拷贝：--------------------------------
Student(user=User(name=张三, id=1), stuNo=00001)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
赋值之后
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
Student(user=User(name=李四, id=2), stuNo=00002)
st==st2 ? :->false
false
-------------------------------------------

我们看到现在所有的都是不相等的。

代码的区别在于是否对象内所有的引用也进行了copy,而不是进行简单的赋值。