HCIP。

该实验配置了一个复杂的OSPF网络环境,包括多个区域(area0, area1, area2, area3, area4)和RIP区域,通过IP地址划分、汇总宣告、特殊区域设置以及NET配置确保全网可达。同时,通过调整HELLO时间加快收敛速度,并采用MD5认证增强更新安全性。此外,通过NAT策略允许所有设备访问R4的环回地址,确保了网络访问的安全性和效率。
摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

一、实验要求如下:  

1.R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备均使用公有IP地址;
2.R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3.整个OSPF环境IP地址为172.16.0.0/16;
4.所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5.减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6.全网可达

IP地址划分
172.16.0.0/16
    172.16.0.0/19     ------area0
            172.16.0.0/24    -------P2P骨干
                172.16.0.0/30
                172.16.0.4/30
                172.16.0.8/30
            
            172.16.1.0/24    -------MA骨干
                172.16.1.0/29
                172.16.1.8/29
                172.16.1.16/29
                .....
            172.16.2.0/24 --- 用户网段
            172.16.3.0/24 --- 用户网段
            172.16.4.0/24 --- 用户网段
            ......
 
    172.16.32.0/19    ------area1
         172.16.32.0/24    -------P2P骨干
                 172.16.32.0/30
                 172.16.32.4/30
                 172.16.32.8/30
                 .....
         172.16.33.0/24    -------MA骨干
                 172.16.33.0/29
                 172.16.33.8/29
                 172.16.33.16/29
                 .....
         172.16.34.0/24 ---r1环回
         172.16.35.0/24 ---r2环回
         172.16.36.0/24 ---r3环回
         ......         
    172.16.64.0/19    ------area2
        172.16.64.0/24    -------P2P骨干
                172.16.64.0/30
                172.16.64.4/30
                172.16.64.8/30
                .....
            172.16.65.0/24    -------MA骨干
                172.16.65.0/29
                172.16.65.8/29
                172.16.65.16/29
                .....
            172.16.66.0/24 ---r11环回
            172.16.67.0/24
            172.16.68.0/24
            ......
 
    172.16.96.0/19    ------area3
        172.16.96.0/24    -------P2P骨干
                172.16.96.0/30
                172.16.96.4/30
                172.16.96.8/30
                .....
            172.16.97.0/24    -------MA骨干
                172.16.97.0/29 
                172.16.97.8/29
                172.16.97.16/29
                .....
            172.16.98.0/24  ---r8环回
            172.16.99.0/24
            172.16.100.0/24
            ......
 
    172.16.128.0/19    ------area4
            172.16.128.0/24    -------P2P骨干
                172.16.128.0/30
                172.16.128.4/30
                172.16.128.8/30
                .....
            172.16.129.0/24    -------MA骨干
                172.16.129.0/29
                172.16.129.8/29
                172.16.129.16/29
                .....
            172.16.130.0/24 ---r9环回
            172.16.131.0/24 ---r10环回
            172.16.132.0/24
            ......
 
    172.16.160.0/19    ------rip
        172.16.160.0/20  ---环回
        172.16.176.0/20  ---环回
 
 
    172.16.192.0/19
    172.16.224.0/19

 配置area1
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
Oct 13 2021 11:48:00-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
Oct 13 2021 11:49:38-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24
[r2-LoopBack0]
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
Oct 13 2021 11:50:59-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24
[r3-LoopBack0]

 配置area0 
R4
 
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int s 4/0/0
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial4/0/0]
[r4-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial3/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
Oct 13 2021 11:57:24-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]
 
R3
 
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[r3-Serial4/0/0]
Oct 13 2021 11:58:59-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol PPP
 IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-Serial4/0/0]q
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
Oct 13 2021 12:00:28-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.     
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 
 
R5
 
[r5]int s 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]
Oct 13 2021 12:02:30-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol PPP
 IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-Serial4/0/0]q
[r5]int LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
[r5-LoopBack0]q    
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2 ---配置缺省路由
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s 4/0/0
Oct 13 2021 12:04:39-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100    
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]
 
R6
 
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]q
[r6]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]q    
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2 ---配置缺省路由
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
 
R7
 
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
Oct 13 2021 12:15:52-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]q
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2 ---配置缺省路由
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp    
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Oct 13 2021 12:19:21-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.     
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100    
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]
 

配置area2
R6
 
[r6]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 29
Oct 13 2021 13:19:13-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 
 
R11
 
 
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 29
Oct 13 2021 13:20:45-08:00 r11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.9 29
Oct 13 2021 13:21:30-08:00 r11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]
 
R12
 
[Huawei]sys r12
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.10 29
Oct 13 2021 13:23:35-08:00 r12 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
 
 

配置area3
R7
 
[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29
Oct 13 2021 13:24:42-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
 
R8
 
[Huawei]int g 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]i add 172.16.97.2 29
Oct 13 2021 13:25:25-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.9 29
Oct 13 2021 13:25:43-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.1 24
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
 
R9
 
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.10 29
Oct 13 2021 13:26:56-08:00 r9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
  配置area4

   R9    
 
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 29
Oct 13 2021 13:27:57-08:00 r9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.1 24
  
  R10
 
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 29
Oct 13 2021 13:29:48-08:00 r10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 24
[r10-LoopBack0]
 

配置RIP 
[r12]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]

 第二步:配置OSPF
area1中,r1,r2汇总宣告,r3取相同去不同宣告。
R1
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 ---r1汇总宣告,
 
R2
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 ---r2汇总宣告
 
R3
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255 ---r3取相同去不同宣告
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
 
R5
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R6
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 
R7
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 
R8
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R9
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
 
R10
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]area 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R11
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R12
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 --- 汇总宣告
 

第三步:由于P2P类型是无法与其他路由之间建立邻居关系,则需更改MGRE类型    --- P2MP类型 。
R3
 
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
R5
 
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
R6
 
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
R7
 
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

area4区域和rip区域间缺失的路由信息,需要我们手工使用重发布的方式导入rip路由和area4的路由信息 

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

R10里面会发现没有其他的路由信息,这时我们可以下发一条缺省路由指向我们的R9

[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

第四步:为了减少LSA的更新量,我们需要做汇总与特殊区域
注意:在汇总时为了避免环路我们还需要配置空接口路由。

R3
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
 
R6
 
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
 
R7
 
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
 
R9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
 
R12
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

特殊区域:

area0
 
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
area3
 
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa 
 
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 
area2
 
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 

第五步:配置NET,使其均可访问R4环回。
R3
 
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
R7
 
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
R6
 
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

第五步:加快收敛,需改HELLO时间,更改了hello时间死亡时间也会自动改变。为了建立邻居关系,将hello时间区域内的其他路由器均改为一致的。
 
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
第六步:进行手工认证,区域认证(实际上也是接口认证),目的是为了更新安全。

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 000000
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 000000
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 000000

实验结果及验证

AR1

 AR6AR10

 AR12

 

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