05.颜色！

介绍

本课程直接基于上一课程。在这里，我们将在顶点结构中包括四个额外的浮点数，它们将定义顶点的颜色RGBA。然后，我们将另一个元素添加到输入布局中，这将告诉管道中的IA我们的顶点结构具有颜色值。之后，我们修改效果文件以包括顶点颜色。在顶点级别指定颜色时，光栅化阶段（RS）将在三角形中为每个像素插值颜色。我们仍然不会在像素着色器中进行任何计算，因为RS会为我们进行计算。让我们开始吧。

效果文件

首先让我们看一下效果文件，在其中创建顶点和像素着色器。首先，我们创建一个新结构。该结构将是VS的返回类型和PS的输入类型。我们这样做是为了返回不止一种类型，因为现在我们有了顶点的位置和颜色，所以我们需要能够返回的不仅仅是一个位置。我们在VS中所做的就是将为顶点获得的值传递到管道的下一个阶段。颜色值最终将在到达PS之前到达RS，在顶点颜色将在整个三角形表面上进行插值，并且在完成颜色插值计算后，每个像素将被发送到PS，在这里我们做所有将像素的颜色值传递给OM，以放置到渲染目标（Backbuffer）上。

VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
{
    VS_OUTPUT output;

    output.Pos = inPos;
    output.Color = inColor;

    return output;
}

float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
{
    return input.Color;
}

顶点结构

我们修改了顶点结构，使其包含四个浮点值，分别代表我们的顶点颜色。这里没有太多要说的。

struct Vertex    //Overloaded Vertex Structure
{
    Vertex(){}
    Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
        float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
        : pos(x,y,z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca){}

    XMFLOAT3 pos;
    XMFLOAT4 color;
};

输入布局

现在，我们在输入布局数组中添加了一个新元素。该元素表示将前12个字节之后的下一个16个字节发送到VS中的第一个COLOR变量。您可能认为谈论字节听起来有些奇怪，但这就是输入布局的工作方式。第一个元素是我们的位置，其格式为DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT枚举类型，它为R，G和B保留32位或4个字节。这使12个字节。因此position元素的偏移量将为0，因为它是数组中的第一个元素。颜色是第二个颜色，位于position元素之后的12个字节处。由于颜色使用DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT枚举类型作为格式，即16字节，因此如果我们要在输入布局中添加另一个元素，则下一个元素将必须在第5个参数中添加28，

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
{
    { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
    { "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
};

初始化场景

就像我说的，这是一小节课。现在要做的就是在创建缓冲区之前将颜色值添加到我们的顶点数组中。我们制作了第一个红色，第二个绿色和第三个蓝色！这些颜色将插在整个三角形上。

bool InitScene()
    Vertex v[] =
    {
        Vertex( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
        Vertex( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
        Vertex( -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ),
    }; 

好了，本课就这样了，希望您了解这里发生了什么！下次见！

float4 PS() : SV_TARGET
{
    return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
}

行使：

1.制作一个紫色三角形。提示->>（顶点数组）

2.添加另一个名为COLOR2的元素，并将其与第一种颜色相乘。提示->>（VS，输入布局（第三个元素的第5个参数应为28））

完整代码如下：

main.cpp

//Include and link appropriate libraries and headers//
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")

#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include <xnamath.h>

//Global Declarations - Interfaces//
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;

ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer;
ID3D11VertexShader* VS;
ID3D11PixelShader* PS;
ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer;
ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer;
ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout;

//Global Declarations - Others//
LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow";
HWND hwnd = NULL;
HRESULT hr;

const int Width  = 300;
const int Height = 300;

//Function Prototypes//
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void CleanUp();
bool InitScene();
void UpdateScene();
void DrawScene();

bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    int ShowWnd,
    int width, int height,
    bool windowed);
int messageloop();

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,
    UINT msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam);

///**************new**************
//Vertex Structure and Vertex Layout (Input Layout)//
struct Vertex    //Overloaded Vertex Structure
{
    Vertex(){}
    Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
        float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
        : pos(x,y,z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca){}

    XMFLOAT3 pos;
    XMFLOAT4 color;
};

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
{
    { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
    { "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
};
UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);
///**************new**************

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,    //Main windows function
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
    LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    int nShowCmd)
{

    if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true))
    {
        MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed",
            L"Error", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

    if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance))    //Initialize Direct3D
    {
        MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed",
            L"Error", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

    if(!InitScene())    //Initialize our scene
    {
        MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed",
            L"Error", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

    messageloop();

    CleanUp();    

    return 0;
}

bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    int ShowWnd,
    int width, int height,
    bool windowed)
{
    typedef struct _WNDCLASS {
        UINT cbSize;
        UINT style;
        WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
        int cbClsExtra;
        int cbWndExtra;
        HANDLE hInstance;
        HICON hIcon;
        HCURSOR hCursor;
        HBRUSH hbrBackground;
        LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
        LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
    } WNDCLASS;

    WNDCLASSEX wc;

    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = NULL;
    wc.cbWndExtra = NULL;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName;
    wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class",    
            L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
        return 1;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        NULL,
        WndClassName,
        L"Lesson 4 - Begin Drawing",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        width, height,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
        );

    if (!hwnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, L"Error creating window",
            L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
        return 1;
    }

    ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    return true;
}

bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    //Describe our Buffer
    DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;

    ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));

    bufferDesc.Width = Width;
    bufferDesc.Height = Height;
    bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
    bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
    bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
    bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;

    //Describe our SwapChain
    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; 

    ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));

    swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
    swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
    swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
    swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; 
    swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; 
    swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;


    //Create our SwapChain
    hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
        D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);

    //Create our BackBuffer
    ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
    hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );

    //Create our Render Target
    hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
    BackBuffer->Release();

    //Set our Render Target
    d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL );

    return true;
}

void CleanUp()
{
    //Release the COM Objects we created
    SwapChain->Release();
    d3d11Device->Release();
    d3d11DevCon->Release();
    renderTargetView->Release();
    triangleVertBuffer->Release();
    VS->Release();
    PS->Release();
    VS_Buffer->Release();
    PS_Buffer->Release();
    vertLayout->Release();
}

bool InitScene()
{
    //Compile Shaders from shader file
    hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
    hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);

    //Create the Shader Objects
    hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
    hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);

    //Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders
    d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
    d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);

    //Create the vertex buffer
    Vertex v[] =
    {
        ///**************new**************
        Vertex( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
        Vertex( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
        Vertex( -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ),
        ///**************new**************
    };

    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
    ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc) );

    vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof( Vertex ) * 3;
    vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
    vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;

    D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; 

    ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData) );
    vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
    hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer( &vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer);

    //Set the vertex buffer
    UINT stride = sizeof( Vertex );
    UINT offset = 0;
    d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset );

    //Create the Input Layout
    hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), 
        VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout );

    //Set the Input Layout
    d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout( vertLayout );

    //Set Primitive Topology
    d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST );

    //Create the Viewport
    D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
    ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));

    viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
    viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
    viewport.Width = Width;
    viewport.Height = Height;

    //Set the Viewport
    d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);

    return true;
}

void UpdateScene()
{

}

void DrawScene()
{
    //Clear our backbuffer
    float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)};
    d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);

    //Draw the triangle
    d3d11DevCon->Draw( 3, 0 );

    //Present the backbuffer to the screen
    SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
}

int messageloop(){
    MSG msg;
    ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
    while(true)
    {
        BOOL PeekMessageL( 
            LPMSG lpMsg,
            HWND hWnd,
            UINT wMsgFilterMin,
            UINT wMsgFilterMax,
            UINT wRemoveMsg
            );

        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
                break;
            TranslateMessage(&msg);    
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else{
            // run game code            
            UpdateScene();
            DrawScene();
        }
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,
    UINT msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch( msg )
    {
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ){
            DestroyWindow(hwnd);
        }
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
        msg,
        wParam,
        lParam);
}

效果器

struct VS_OUTPUT
{
    float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
    float4 Color : COLOR;
};

VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
{
    VS_OUTPUT output;

    output.Pos = inPos;
    output.Color = inColor;

    return output;
}

float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
{
    return input.Color;
}