方向分布（标准差椭圆）算法

已于 2024-08-02 17:11:13 修改
阅读量1k 收藏 11
点赞数 10
分类专栏： 算法 GIS 文章标签： python 算法
于 2024-03-13 10:21:39 首次发布
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/szy13323042191/article/details/136672601
版权

方向分布（标准差椭圆）算法

计算过程

  1. 计算平均/加权平均中心

  2. 计算加全协方差矩阵

    image-20240312180836180

  3. 计算协方差矩阵的特征值与特征向量

    image-20240312180948920

  4. 计算椭圆长轴和短轴

image-20240312181040985

  1. 计算旋转角度

    image-20240312181112722

Python实现

引库

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Ellipse
from scipy.stats import chi2

二维点测试数据


data = np.array([
    [120.096888	    ,31.45833657],
    [120.0942437	,31.45833657],
    [120.1021768	,31.45833657],
    [120.0995324	,31.45833657],
    [120.1074656	,31.45833657],
    [120.1048212	,31.45833657],
    [120.1127544	,31.45833657],
    [120.11011	    ,31.45833657],
    [120.1180432	,31.45833657],
    [120.1153988	,31.45833657],
    [120.123332	    ,31.45833657],
    [120.1206876	,31.45833657],
    [120.1259763	,31.45833657],
    [120.1021768	,31.46054801],
    [120.0995324	,31.46054801],
    [120.1074656	,31.46054801],
    [120.1048212	,31.46054801],
    [120.1127544	,31.46054801],
    [120.11011	    ,31.46054801],
    [120.1180432	,31.46054801],
    [120.1153988	,31.46054801],
    [120.123332	    ,31.46054801],
    [120.1206876	,31.46054801],
    [120.1259763	,31.46054801],
    [120.1074656	,31.46275945],
    [120.1048212	,31.46275945],
    [120.1127544	,31.46275945],
    [120.11011	    ,31.46275945],
    [120.1180432	,31.46275945],
    [120.1153988	,31.46275945],
    [120.123332	    ,31.46275945],
    [120.1206876	,31.46275945],
    [120.1259763	,31.46275945],
    [120.1074656	,31.46497089],
    [120.1048212	,31.46497089],
    [120.1127544	,31.46497089],
    [120.11011	    ,31.46497089],
    [120.1180432	,31.46497089],
    [120.1153988	,31.46497089],
    [120.123332	    ,31.46497089],
    [120.1206876	,31.46497089],
    [120.1286207	,31.46497089],
    [120.1259763	,31.46497089],
    [120.1312651	,31.46497089],
    [120.1074656	,31.46718234],
    [120.1048212	,31.46718234],
    [120.1127544	,31.46718234],
    [120.11011	    ,31.46718234],
    [120.1180432	,31.46718234],
    [120.1153988	,31.46718234],
    [120.123332	    ,31.46718234],
    [120.1206876	,31.46718234],
    [120.1286207	,31.46718234],
    [120.1259763	,31.46718234],
    [120.1312651	,31.46718234],
    [120.1762198	,31.46718234],
    [120.1021768	,31.46939378],
    [120.1074656	,31.46939378],
    [120.1048212	,31.46939378],
    [120.1127544	,31.46939378],
    [120.11011	    ,31.46939378],
    [120.1180432	,31.46939378],
    [120.1153988	,31.46939378],
    [120.123332	    ,31.46939378],
    [120.1206876	,31.46939378],
    [120.1286207	,31.46939378],
    [120.1312651	,31.46939378],
    [120.1074656	,31.47160522],
    [120.1048212	,31.47160522],
    [120.1127544	,31.47160522],
    [120.11011	    ,31.47160522],
    [120.1180432	,31.47160522],
    [120.1153988	,31.47160522],
    [120.123332	    ,31.47160522],
    [120.1206876	,31.47160522],
    [120.1259763	,31.47160522],
    [120.1074656	,31.47381667],
    [120.1048212	,31.47381667],
    [120.1127544	,31.47381667],
    [120.11011	    ,31.47381667],
    [120.1180432	,31.47381667],
    [120.1153988	,31.47381667],
    [120.123332	    ,31.47381667],
    [120.1206876	,31.47381667],
    [120.1259763	,31.47381667],
    [120.1312651	,31.47381667],
    [120.1629978	,31.47381667],
    [120.1762198	,31.47381667],
    [120.1021768	,31.47602811],
    [120.1074656	,31.47602811],
    [120.11011	    ,31.47602811],
    [120.1180432	,31.47602811],
    [120.1153988	,31.47602811],
    [120.123332	    ,31.47602811],
    [120.1259763	,31.47602811],
    [120.1312651	,31.47602811],
    [120.1762198	,31.47602811],
    [120.1127544	,31.47823955],
    [120.11011	    ,31.47823955],
    [120.1180432	,31.47823955],
    [120.1153988	,31.47823955],
    [120.123332	    ,31.47823955],
    [120.1206876	,31.47823955],
    [120.1259763	,31.47823955],
    [120.1471315	,31.47823955],
    [120.1127544	,31.480451],
    [120.11011	    ,31.480451],
    [120.1180432	,31.480451],
    [120.1153988	,31.480451],
    [120.123332	    ,31.480451],
    [120.1206876	,31.480451],
    [120.1127544	,31.48266244],
    [120.11011	    ,31.48266244],
    [120.1180432	,31.48266244],
    [120.1153988	,31.48266244],
    [120.123332	    ,31.48266244],
    [120.1074656	,31.48487388],
    [120.1127544	,31.48487388],
    [120.11011	    ,31.48487388],
    [120.1206876	,31.48487388],
    [120.1259763	,31.48487388],
    [120.1074656	,31.48708532],
    [120.1127544	,31.48708532],
    [120.11011	    ,31.48708532],
    [120.1180432	,31.48708532],
    [120.1153988	,31.48708532],
    [120.1127544	,31.48929676],
    [120.11011	    ,31.48929676],
    [120.1180432	,31.48929676],
    [120.1153988	,31.48929676],
    [120.1788641	,31.48929676],
    [120.1894417	,31.48929676],
    [120.1127544	,31.49150821],
    [120.11011	    ,31.49150821],
    [120.1180432	,31.49150821],
    [120.1153988	,31.49150821],
    [120.1206876	,31.49150821],
    [120.1127544	,31.49371965],
    [120.1180432	,31.49371965],
    [120.1153988	,31.49371965],
    [120.1286207	,31.49371965],
    [120.1180432	,31.49593109],
    [120.1153988	,31.49593109],
    [120.123332	    ,31.49593109],
    [120.1153988	,31.49814254],
    [120.1206876	,31.49814254],
    [120.157709	    ,31.49814254],
    [120.1788641	,31.49814254],
    [120.1180432	,31.50035398],
    [120.1206876	,31.50035398],
    [120.1259763	,31.50035398],
    [120.1206876	,31.50256542],
    [120.1418427	,31.50477687],
    [120.123332	    ,31.50698831],
    [120.1391983	,31.50698831],
    [120.157709	    ,31.50698831],
    [120.1656422	,31.50698831],
    [120.1629978	,31.50698831],
    [120.1180432	,31.50919975],
    [120.1153988	,31.50919975],
    [120.123332	    ,31.50919975],
    [120.1206876	,31.50919975],
    [120.1259763	,31.50919975],
    [120.1656422	,31.50919975],
    [120.1180432	,31.5114112],
    [120.1153988	,31.5114112],
    [120.123332	    ,31.5114112],
    [120.1286207	,31.5114112],
    [120.1259763	,31.5114112],
    [120.1312651	,31.5114112],
    [120.1180432	,31.51362264],
    [120.1153988	,31.51362264],
    [120.1206876	,31.51362264],
    [120.1206876	,31.51583408],
    [120.1286207	,31.52689129],
    [120.1312651	,31.52689129],
    [120.0334227	,31.32786144],
    [120.0545778	,31.32786144],
    [120.00169	    ,31.33007288],
    [120.0704441	,31.33007288],
    [120.0730885	,31.36324453],
    [120.1127544	,31.36324453],
    [120.0836661	,31.36766741],
    [120.0598666	,31.38093607],
    [120.0651554	,31.38093607],
    [120.0598666	,31.38314751],
    [120.062511	    ,31.38314751],
    [120.0942437	,31.38535895],
    [120.1391983	,31.38535895],
    [120.0598666	,31.3875704],
    [120.0757329	,31.38978184],
    [120.0889549	,31.38978184],
    [120.1365539	,31.39199328],
    [120.0730885	,31.39420473],
    [120.0757329	,31.39420473],
    [120.0651554	,31.39641617],
    [120.0677998	,31.39641617],
    [120.0704441	,31.39641617],
    [120.0730885	,31.39641617],
    [120.0757329	,31.39641617],
    [120.062511	    ,31.39862761],
    [120.0677998	,31.39862761],
    [120.0704441	,31.39862761],
    [120.062511	    ,31.40083906],
    [120.0704441	,31.40083906],
    [120.0730885	,31.40083906],
    [120.0757329	,31.40083906],
    [120.0704441	,31.4030505],
    [120.1365539	,31.40526194],
    [120.062511	    ,31.40747338],
    [120.1180432	,31.40747338],
    [120.014912	    ,31.40968482],
    [120.0704441	,31.40968482],
    [120.0730885	,31.41189627],
    [120.0757329	,31.41189627],
    [120.0836661	,31.41189627],
    [120.0889549	,31.41189627],
    [120.1180432	,31.41189627],
    [120.123332	    ,31.41189627],
    [120.1259763	,31.41189627],
    [120.0413559	,31.41410771],
    [120.0651554	,31.41410771],
    [120.0730885	,31.41410771],
    [120.0757329	,31.41410771],
    [120.0836661	,31.41410771],
    [120.0889549	,31.41410771],
    [120.0915993	,31.41410771],
    [120.1153988	,31.41410771],
    [120.1180432	,31.41410771],
    [120.1206876	,31.41410771],
    [120.0651554	,31.41631915],
    [120.0677998	,31.41631915],
    [120.0836661	,31.41631915],
    [120.0863105	,31.41631915],
    [120.0889549	,31.41631915],
    [120.0915993	,31.41631915],
    [120.062511	    ,31.4185306],
    [120.0651554	,31.4185306],
    [120.0677998	,31.4185306],
    [120.0863105	,31.4185306],
    [120.0889549	,31.4185306],
    [120.0202007	,31.42074204],
    [120.0228451	,31.42074204],
    [120.0254895	,31.42074204],
    [120.0281339	,31.42074204],
    [120.0651554	,31.42074204],
    [120.0677998	,31.42074204],
    [120.0704441	,31.42074204],
    [120.0863105	,31.42074204],
    [120.0889549	,31.42074204],
    [120.0995324	,31.42074204],
    [120.1021768	,31.42074204],
    [120.0175563	,31.42295348],
    [120.0202007	,31.42295348],
    [120.0228451	,31.42295348],
    [120.0254895	,31.42295348],
    [120.0281339	,31.42295348],
    [120.0651554	,31.42295348],
    [120.0677998	,31.42295348],
    [120.0704441	,31.42295348],
    [120.0730885	,31.42295348],
    [120.0836661	,31.42295348],
    [120.0863105	,31.42295348],
    [120.0889549	,31.42295348],
    [120.0915993	,31.42295348],
    [120.0942437	,31.42295348],
    [120.096888	    ,31.42295348],
    [120.0995324	,31.42295348],
    [120.1021768	,31.42295348],
    [120.1286207	,31.42295348],
    [120.0175563	,31.42516493],
    [120.0202007	,31.42516493],
    [120.0228451	,31.42516493],
    [120.0254895	,31.42516493],
    [120.0281339	,31.42516493],
    [120.0651554	,31.42516493],
    [120.0677998	,31.42516493],
    [120.0704441	,31.42516493],
    [120.0836661	,31.42516493],
    [120.0863105	,31.42516493],
    [120.0889549	,31.42516493],
    [120.0915993	,31.42516493],
    [120.0942437	,31.42516493],
    [120.096888	    ,31.42516493],
    [120.0995324	,31.42516493],
    [120.1259763	,31.42516493],
    [120.1286207	,31.42516493],
    [120.0175563	,31.42737637],
    [120.0202007	,31.42737637],
    [120.0228451	,31.42737637],
    [120.0651554	,31.42737637],
    [120.0704441	,31.42737637],
    [120.0730885	,31.42737637],
    [120.0783773	,31.42737637],
    [120.0810217	,31.42737637],
    [120.0836661	,31.42737637],
    [120.0863105	,31.42737637],
    [120.0889549	,31.42737637],
    [120.0915993	,31.42737637],
    [120.0942437	,31.42737637],
    [120.0175563	,31.42958781],
    [120.0202007	,31.42958781],
    [120.0228451	,31.42958781],
    [120.0783773	,31.42958781],
    [120.0810217	,31.42958781],
    [120.0836661	,31.42958781],
    [120.0863105	,31.42958781],
    [120.0889549	,31.42958781],
    [120.0915993	,31.42958781],
    [120.0942437	,31.42958781],
    [120.0519334	,31.43179925],
    [120.062511	    ,31.43179925],
    [120.0730885	,31.43179925],
    [120.0783773	,31.43179925],
    [120.0836661	,31.43179925],
    [120.0863105	,31.43179925],
    [120.0889549	,31.43179925],
    [120.0915993	,31.43179925],
    [120.0202007	,31.4340107],
    [120.0863105	,31.4340107],
    [120.0889549	,31.4340107],
    [120.0915993	,31.4340107],
    [120.0942437	,31.4340107],
    [120.096888	    ,31.4340107],
    [120.1153988	,31.4340107],
    [120.1339095	,31.4340107],
    [120.062511	    ,31.43622214],
    [120.0889549	,31.43622214],
    [120.0915993	,31.43622214],
    [120.1180432	,31.43622214],
    [120.1206876	,31.43622214],
    [120.1259763	,31.43622214],
    [120.1339095	,31.43622214],
    [120.0757329	,31.43843358],
    [120.0889549	,31.43843358],
    [120.0915993	,31.43843358],
    [120.0942437	,31.43843358],
    [120.1206876	,31.43843358],
    [120.123332	    ,31.43843358],
    [120.1259763	,31.43843358],
    [120.0915993	,31.44064502],
    [120.0942437	,31.44064502],
    [120.123332	    ,31.44064502],
    [120.1259763	,31.44064502],
    [120.1286207	,31.44064502],
    [120.1312651	,31.44064502],
    [120.1629978	,31.44064502],
    [120.0281339	,31.44285647],
    [120.0889549	,31.44285647],
    [120.0915993	,31.44285647],
    [120.0942437	,31.44285647],
    [120.096888	    ,31.44285647],
    [120.0995324	,31.44285647],
    [120.1021768	,31.44285647],
    [120.123332	    ,31.44285647],
    [120.1259763	,31.44285647],
    [120.1286207	,31.44285647],
    [120.1841529	,31.44285647],
    [120.0836661	,31.44506791],
    [120.0889549	,31.44506791],
    [120.0915993	,31.44506791],
    [120.0942437	,31.44506791],
    [120.096888	    ,31.44506791],
    [120.0995324	,31.44506791],
    [120.1021768	,31.44506791],
    [120.1048212	,31.44506791],
    [120.1180432	,31.44506791],
    [120.1206876	,31.44506791],
    [120.1259763	,31.44506791],
    [120.1286207	,31.44506791],
    [120.1682866	,31.44506791],
    [120.0810217	,31.44727935],
    [120.0836661	,31.44727935],
    [120.0863105	,31.44727935],
    [120.0889549	,31.44727935],
    [120.0915993	,31.44727935],
    [120.0942437	,31.44727935],
    [120.096888	    ,31.44727935],
    [120.0995324	,31.44727935],
    [120.1021768	,31.44727935],
    [120.1048212	,31.44727935],
    [120.1418427	,31.44727935],
    [120.0889549	,31.4494908],
    [120.0915993	,31.4494908],
    [120.0942437	,31.4494908],
    [120.096888	    ,31.4494908],
    [120.0995324	,31.4494908],
    [120.1021768	,31.4494908],
    [120.1048212	,31.4494908],
    [120.1074656	,31.4494908],
    [120.0836661	,31.45170224],
    [120.0863105	,31.45170224],
    [120.0889549	,31.45170224],
    [120.0915993	,31.45170224],
    [120.0942437	,31.45170224],
    [120.096888	    ,31.45170224],
    [120.0995324	,31.45170224],
    [120.1021768	,31.45170224],
    [120.1048212	,31.45170224],
    [120.1074656	,31.45170224],
    [120.11011	    ,31.45170224],
    [120.1127544	,31.45170224],
    [120.1153988	,31.45170224],
    [120.123332	    ,31.45170224],
    [120.0836661	,31.45391368],
    [120.0863105	,31.45391368],
    [120.0889549	,31.45391368],
    [120.0915993	,31.45391368],
    [120.0942437	,31.45391368],
    [120.096888	    ,31.45391368],
    [120.0995324	,31.45391368],
    [120.1021768	,31.45391368],
    [120.1048212	,31.45391368],
    [120.1074656	,31.45391368],
    [120.11011	    ,31.45391368],
    [120.1127544	,31.45391368],
    [120.1153988	,31.45391368],
    [120.1259763	,31.45391368],
    [120.0836661	,31.45612513],
    [120.0889549	,31.45612513],
    [120.0915993	,31.45612513],
    [120.0942437	,31.45612513],
    [120.096888	    ,31.45612513],
    [120.0995324	,31.45612513],
    [120.1021768	,31.45612513],
    [120.1048212	,31.45612513],
    [120.1074656	,31.45612513],
    [120.11011	    ,31.45612513],
    [120.1127544	,31.45612513],
    [120.1153988	,31.45612513],
    [120.1180432	,31.45612513],
    [120.1206876	,31.45612513],
    [120.123332	    ,31.45612513],
    [120.1259763	,31.45612513]])

权重

weights = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 100, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1,
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 1, 1])

标准差椭圆算法

def calculate_ellipse(da, wg, confidence_level):
    # 计算均值
    mean = np.average(da, axis=0, weights=wg)
    # 计算加权协方差矩阵
    cov_matrix = np.cov(da, rowvar=False, aweights=wg)
    # 协方差矩阵的特征值和特征向量
    eigenvalues, eigenvectors = np.linalg.eig(cov_matrix)
    # 计算椭圆长短半轴
    alpha = np.sqrt(eigenvalues[0] * chi2.ppf(confidence_level, df=2))
    beta = np.sqrt(eigenvalues[1] * chi2.ppf(confidence_level, df=2))
    # 计算椭圆角度
    angle = np.degrees(np.arctan2(*eigenvectors[:, 0][::-1]))
    # 绘制椭圆
    ellipse = Ellipse(xy=mean, width=alpha * 2, height=beta * 2, angle=angle, fc='None', lw=2)
    return ellipse

绘制各个置信度的标准差椭圆

# 绘制图形
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 12))
plt.scatter(data[:, 0], data[:, 1], label='Points')

ellipse_63 = calculate_ellipse(data, weights, 0.63)
ellipse_63.set_edgecolor('red')
ellipse_63.set_label('63%')
plt.gca().add_patch(ellipse_63)

ellipse_90 = calculate_ellipse(data, weights, 0.90)
ellipse_90.set_edgecolor('orange')
ellipse_90.set_label('90%')
plt.gca().add_patch(ellipse_90)

ellipse_98 = calculate_ellipse(data, weights, 0.98)
ellipse_98.set_edgecolor('yellow')
ellipse_98.set_label('98%')
plt.gca().add_patch(ellipse_98)

ellipse_99 = calculate_ellipse(data, weights, 0.9999)
ellipse_99.set_edgecolor('green')
ellipse_99.set_label('99%')
plt.gca().add_patch(ellipse_99)

# 添加图例
plt.legend()
# 设置图形标签和标题
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.title('Confidence Ellipses')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

结果

image-20240312182816282

对比ArcGIS ToolBox计算结果

image-20240312182546901

十四、城市建成区时空扩张分析——标准差椭圆
端木宛白的博客家园
04-11 3111
对于建成区重心分析中，可以通过中心要素、平均中心等，其实就是说从点的分布密度是否均匀、一致等，点的方位包括点的分布和方向、点的数量、点的大小。但是其实这些都是基于某一个角度分析的，标准差椭圆是可以同时对点的方向和分布进行分析的经典分析方法。
机器学习之协方差矩阵、黑塞矩阵、标准差椭圆和EM算法
平原的博客
07-11 4944
一、统计学的基本概念 学过概率统计的孩子都知道，统计里最基本的概念就是样本的均值，方差，或者再加个标准差。首先我们给你一个含有n个样本的集合X={X1,…,Xn}，依次给出这些概念的公式描述，这些高中学过数学的孩子都应该知道吧，一带而过。 均值： X¯=∑ni=1XinX¯=∑i=1nXin \bar{X}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n X_{i}}{n} 标准差： s=∑n...
标准差椭圆
weixin_41590039的博客
04-14 1万+
测量一组点或区域的趋势的一种常用方法便是分别计算 x 和 y 方向上的标准距离。这两个测量值可用于定义一个包含所有要素分布的椭圆的轴线。由于该方法是由平均中心作为起点对 x 坐标和 y 坐标的标准差进行计算，从而定义椭圆的轴，因此该椭圆被称为标准差椭圆。利用该椭圆,您可以查看要素的分布是否是狭长形的，并因此具有特定方向。 参考文献： Chew, Victor. "Confidence, prediction, and tolerance regions for the multivariate n.
标准差椭圆算法实现
weixin_63253486的博客
10-05 8151
python实现标准差椭圆分析的代码，但个人推荐使用Arc Map，这个软件只需要通过数据连接、设置简单系数即可(参见引用文献二)，操作便捷度比python要高。
白话空间统计之九：方向分布（标准差椭圆）修正版
08-19 5万+
方向分布工具在空间统计中是综合能力最突出的工具之一，有着广泛的应用，在我们的分析和数据探索的时候，能够起到非常重大的作用。
方向分布（标准差椭圆）
NCTU_to_prove_safety的博客
09-27 7167
点模式的分析中，一般会考察如下五种内容：   1、点的疏密，包括点数据的分布探索，是否一致、均匀或者不均匀。   2、点的方位，包括点的分布和方向。   3、点的数量：多少（极值和均值）。   4、点的大小：代表的含义（如点一个点代表多少人口）。   5、其他，如点的一些动态变化等。 （关于点数据分析的其他详细的内容，请看虾神以前的文章，或者再公众号里面回复“点分析”）  ...
【标准差椭圆】
qq_58291072的博客
10-11 2381
STANDARS DEVIATION ECLLIPSE
【空间统计之六】点数据集方向分布统计（标准差椭圆）
ganquan78的博客
10-27 9736
点数据集描述性空间统计之六——方向分布统计（标准差椭圆）（Standard DeviationalEllipse)原理及python实现 1.原理 在上一篇圆概率误差统计中（详见：【空间分析之五】点数据集圆概率误差统计CEP（Circle Error Probable ) - ganquan78的博客 - CSDN博客），我们实现了对点数据集点X坐标、Y坐标以及距离的标准差计算，求出了以平均中心为...
基于Spark并行加速的标准差椭圆及重心轨迹算法+源代码+文档说明
最新发布
04-11
- 不懂运行，下载完可以私聊问，可远程教学 该资源内项目源码是个人的毕设，代码都测试ok，都是运行成功后才上传资源，答辩评审平均分达到96分，放心下载使用！ <项目介绍> 1、该资源内项目代码都经过测试运行成功，...
凸包、最小约束矩形、标准差椭圆
weixin_56305254的博客
11-23 1399
多边形的凸包、如何生成标准差椭圆（衡量指标）以及最小约束矩形模型的计算。
不透水面加权平均中心，标准差椭圆matlab代码
04-25
Matlab中用来计算不透水面的重心，分析城市扩张强度和方向以及城市分布情况。代码自己写的，有错误或者bug随时欢迎交流。如果跑不通就自己调试一下，很简单的。
空间统计分析——标准差椭圆
weixin_44778309的博客
02-17 1万+
标准差椭圆
ArcGIS 标准差椭圆分析
LaotLisp的博客
09-25 4005
通过计算数据点的均值和标准差，并生成椭圆图形，可以了解数据的分布模式和方向。标准差椭圆分析是一种在 ArcGIS 中广泛应用的空间分析方法，用于研究和表示数据的空间分布的离散程度。该分析方法基于标准差的概念，通过计算数据点集合的均值和标准差来生成椭圆图形，该图形可以描述数据点的分布模式和方向。点击“运行”按钮，开始执行标准差椭圆分析。该工具将计算每个数据点的均值和标准差，并生成一个椭圆图形，用于表示标准差的离散程度和方向。在地图文档中，选择“添加数据”按钮，将准备好的数据图层添加到地图中。
误差椭圆
qq_40957243的博客
05-19 1万+
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010182633/article/details/45924061 介绍 在这篇文章中，我将展示如何绘制二维正态分布数据的误差椭圆，又名置信椭圆。误差椭圆代表高斯分布的等值轮廓线，并允许可视化一个2D置信区间。下图显示了一组
python实现PCA降维画分类散点图并标出95%的置信区间
ThePaK的博客
03-03 9263
python实现PCA降维画分类散点图并标出95%的置信区间，以鸢尾花数据集为例
Arcgis空间分布方向性分析
端木宛白的博客家园
08-10 3万+
Arcgis空间分布方向性分析 一、标准差椭圆方法概述 空间分布方向性分析是指区域经济属性在空间分布上的轮廓和主导方向。 标准差椭圆法是分析空间分布方向性特征的经典方法之一，使用标准差椭圆可 从全局的、空间的角度定量解释经济要素空间分布的中心性、展布性、方向性和 空间形态等整体性特征，因其直观性与有效性已得到广泛应用，已成为 Ａｒｃ ＧＩＳ 空间统计模块的常规统计工具。ＳＤＥ 方法生成的结果为一个椭圆，从其生 成算法来看，首先用平均中心来确定椭圆的圆心，然后由平均中心作为起点 对 Ｘ 坐标
混合高斯模型
红叶谷 wsp_1138886114的博客
07-12 6629
一、标准差椭圆 1.1 标准差椭圆概念 1. 这算法最早是由美国南加州大学（UniversityofSouthern California）社会学教授 韦尔蒂.利菲弗（D. Welty Lefever）提出。 2. 算法又称为Lefever‘s &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;StandardDeviationalEllipse&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;（利菲弗方向性分布） 3. 算法
3σ定律（three-sigma rule）/ 68–95–99.7原则
热门推荐
贾己人的博客
05-21 10万+
在统计上，68–95–99.7原则是在正态分布中，距平均值小于一个标准差、二个标准差、三个标准差以内的百分比，更精确的数字是68.27%、95.45%及99.73%。若用数学用语表示，其算式如下，其中X为正态分布随机变数的观测值，μ为分布的平均值，而σ为标准差： 在实验科学中有对应正态分布的三西格马定律（three-sigma rule of thumb），是一个简单的推论，内容是“几乎所有...
python 设置精度_python实现点位精度评定
weixin_39637661的博客
12-05 785
点位精度评定，主要是评定点位数据得l离散度。评定主要是一系列得数学值。在python的numpy中有一些列的函数可以用来实现这一系列的评估值。1.期望期望表示一点点位最可能出现的位置。一般情况下期望的估值采用算数平均值来表示，在numpy中有mean()函数可以直接求取。2.方差方差主要用来描述随机变量的离散程度，它的数值越小说明离散程度越低。其中，如果则自由度n为n-13.标准差std标准差，即...
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

Winemonk

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付：¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足，请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值