1.类的对象是只有有限个,确定的,我们称此类为枚举类。举例如下:
- 星期:星期一、…、星期天
- 性别:男、女
- 线程状态: 创建、就绪、运行、阻塞、死亡
2.当需要定义一组常量(不可变的状态),强烈建议使用枚举类
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式
1.枚举类的定义
方式一:JDK5.0之前,自定义枚举类
方式二:JKD5.0时,使用enum关键字定义枚举类
1.1 自定义枚举类
举例:
// 季节类
class Season{
// 1.声明Season对象的属性:private,final
private final String SeasonName;
private final String SeasonDesc;
// 2.私有化类的构造器
private Season(String SeasonName,String SeasonDesc){
this.SeasonName = SeasonName;
this.SeasonDesc = SeasonDesc;
}
// 3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static void
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
// 4.其它诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName(){
return SeasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc(){
return SeasonDesc;
}
// 5.其它诉求2:toString()
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"SeasonName='" + SeasonName + '\'' +
", SeasonDesc='" + SeasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Season season = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(season.toString());
// Season{SeasonName='春天', SeasonDesc='春暖花开'}
}
}
1.2 使用enum关键字定义枚举类
定义的枚举类默认继承于 java.lang.Enum类,Enum类的toString()方法输出常量名
enum Season{
// 1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象,多个对象之间用 "," 隔开,末尾对象用 ";" 结束.
// (默认 public static修饰)
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
// 2.声明Season对象的属性:private,final
private final String SeasonName;
private final String SeasonDesc;
// 3.私有化类的构造器
private Season(String SeasonName,String SeasonDesc){
this.SeasonName = SeasonName;
this.SeasonDesc = SeasonDesc;
}
// 4.其它诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName(){
return SeasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc(){
return SeasonDesc;
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Season season = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(season); // season.toString()
// SPRING
}
}
2.Enum类的主要方法
values()方法:
返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
valueOf(String str):
可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是,会有运行时异常:lllegalArgumentException.
toString():
返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Season season = Season.SPRING;
// 1.toString()
System.out.println(season); // SPRING
// 2.values()
Season[] values = Season.values();
for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
System.out.println(values[i]);
} // SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER
// 3.valuesOf(String str)
Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter); // WINTER
}
}
3.实现enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
interface Info{
void show();
}
enum Season implements Info {
// 情况1:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法
// 情况2: 让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
public void show(){
System.out.println("这是春天");
}
},
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
public void show(){
System.out.println("这是夏天");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
public void show(){
System.out.println("这是秋天");
}
},
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
public void show(){
System.out.println("这是冬天");
}
};
private final String SeasonName;
private final String SeasonDesc;
private Season(String SeasonName,String SeasonDesc){
this.SeasonName = SeasonName;
this.SeasonDesc = SeasonDesc;
}
public String getSeasonName(){
return SeasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc(){
return SeasonDesc;
}
// 情况1
// public void show(){
// System.out.println("这是一个季节");
// }
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Season[] values = Season.values();
for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
values[i].show();
} // 这是春天 这是夏天 这是...
}
}