ActiveMq面试题

1. 常见的消息队列有哪些?

目前主流的消息队列有以下ActiveMQ RabbitMQ KafKa ZeroMQ MetaMQ RocketMQ

2. 用ActiveMQ举例,用java实现点对点(P2P)的流程是怎样的
   首先是生产者需要new一个ActiveMQConnectionFactory,用这个factory来创建connection,然后通过connection创建session,而通过session创建Queue,生产者和TextMessage,最后通过生产者send到队列中去

       //创建ConnectionFactory 用户名密码都是null
        ConnectionFactory factory =new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(null,null,"tcp://localhost:61616");
        //创建Connectin
        Connection connection=factory.createConnection();
        //创建Session 通过Connection创建的,不开启事务
        Session session =connection.createSession(false,Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        //创建Destination(Queue Topic) 由Session创建出消息队列
        Queue queue =session.createQueue("hello");
        //创建producer生产者
        MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
        //由session创建Message
        TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("第一条MQ消息'");
        //使用Producer发送消息
        producer.send(textMessage);
        producer.close();
        session.close();
        connection.close();
        System.out.println("发送完成");
    }

而消费者这边,前面不变也是factory->connection->session,session也是需要创建Queue和Consumer–>开一个线程或者监听器去receive(),Consurmer这边的代码:

      ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(null, null, "tcp://localhost:61616");
        // connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
        connection.start();
        Session session = connection.createSession(false,Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        //Session创建消息队列 --和生产者那边一模一样 否则会创建一个新的队列
        Queue queue = session.createQueue("hello");
        MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
        while(true){
            Message receive = consumer.receive();
            if(receive!=null){
                TextMessage m =(TextMessage)receive;
                System.out.println(m.getText().toString());
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            }
        }

这就完成了点对点的消息传递

3. 以ActiveMQ为例,topic的消息传递的流程是怎样的呢?
   流程也是ActiveMQConnectionFactory去创建Connection,Connection创建Session,Session创建Topic,生产者,和MapMessage,最后由生产者send到消息队列中,代码如下:

        ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(null, null, "tcp://localhost:61616");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
        Session session = connection.createSession(false,Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        //创建了一个话题
        Topic topic = session.createTopic("topic");
        //创建生产者
        MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(topic);
        MapMessage mapMessage =session.createMapMessage();
        mapMessage.setString("name","zs");
        mapMessage.setInt("age",22);
        producer.send(mapMessage);

        producer.close();
        session.close();
        connection.close();
        System.out.println("消息发送完成");
    }

消费者大相径庭factory->connection->session->consumer,topic以及Listener

        ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(null, null, "tcp://localhost:61616");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
        connection.start();
        Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        Topic topic = session.createTopic("topic");
        MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);
        consumer.setMessageListener(message -> {
            if(message!=null && message instanceof MapMessage){
                MapMessage m=(MapMessage)message;
                try {
                    System.out.println(m.getInt("age")+m.getString("name"));
                    m.acknowledge();
                } catch (JMSException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

4. SpringMVC和SpringBoot如何整合ActiveMQ
   使用JmsTemplate,ActiveMQFactory,CachingConnectionFactory,以及JmsTemplate,以SpringBoot为例,说说流程

    @Bean
    public ActiveMQConnectionFactory activeMQConnectionFactory(){
        return new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(null,null,"tcp://localhost:61616");
    }
    @Bean
    /*Spring用于管理真正的ConnectionFactory的ConnectionFactory*/
    public CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        cachingConnectionFactory.setTargetConnectionFactory(this.activeMQConnectionFactory());
        cachingConnectionFactory.setSessionCacheSize(30);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }
    @Bean
    /*Spring提供的JMS工具类，它可以进行消息发送、接收等*/
    public JmsTemplate jmsTemplate(){
        JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = new JmsTemplate();
        //传入工厂
        jmsTemplate.setConnectionFactory(this.connectionFactory());
        //开启服务质量控制
        jmsTemplate.setExplicitQosEnabled(true);
        //持久化------生产者
        jmsTemplate.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        //客户端签收消息
        jmsTemplate.setSessionAcknowledgeMode(Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        return jmsTemplate;
    }

Service调用并发布信息

//false为默认 发送Queue true发Topic
jmsTemplate.setPubSubDomain(true);
        jmsTemplate.send("email", session -> {
            return  session.createTextMessage(JSONObject.toJSONString(email));
        });

---

消费者:以下部署,注意是发布者是Queue还是Topic,对应好,消费者需要做的事情:ActiveMQConnectionFactory->CacheConnectionFactory->队列/订阅->LinstenerContainer以下我用SpringMVC部署去写 相当于把SpringBoot和SpringMVC都写了一遍吧

<bean id="mqConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory"
              c:userName=""
              c:password=""
              c:brokerURL="tcp://localhost:61616"/>
        <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory"
              c:targetConnectionFactory-ref="mqConnectionFactory"
              p:sessionCacheSize="30"/>
        <bean id="emailTopic" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">
            <constructor-arg name="name" value="email" />
        </bean>

        <bean class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
            <!--CachingConnectionFactory-->
            <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/>
            <!--队列-->
            <property name="destination" ref="emailTopic"/>
            <!--自己写的监听器-->
            <property name="messageListener" ref="emailMsgListener"/>
            <!--签收方式 2表示手动签收 1表示自动签收-->
            <property name="sessionAcknowledgeMode" value="2"/>
        </bean>

这样就配置完毕了;最后只需要一个配置一个监听器用onMessage方法拿值就可以了

最后textMessage.acknowledge();//签收消息