Hibernate中的Entity类之间的ManyToMany关联

Hibernate中的Entity类之间的ManyToMany关联，必须在数据库模式中有一个中间连接表，其中的外键作为两个实体表之间的桥梁；而实体表中没有外键。

1. ManyToMany单向关联

任选一个实体类作为owning side，设置关联如下：

@Entity(name = "Person")
public static class Person {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;
    @ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private List<Address> addresses = new ArrayList<>();

    public Person() {
    }

    public List<Address> getAddresses() {
        return addresses;
    }
}

在另一个实体类中不设置任何关联，如下：

@Entity(name = "Address")
public static class Address {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String street;

    private String number;

    public Address() {
    }

    public Address(String street, String number) {
        this.street = street;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }
}

单向关联中，没有关联实体类的概念。

单向关联中，删除被关联对象时，首先删除所有被关联的对象，然后再重新插入没有被删除的对象，存在性能瓶颈。

2.ManyToMany双向关联

在ManyToMany双向关联中，两个实体类可以互为父子类。任选其中一个作为父实体类（owning side），其中定义集合对象引用子实体类，子实体类（inverse side）方给出(mappedBy="...")指向父实体类。

父实体类（owning side）定义如下：

@Entity(name = "Person")
public static class Person {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    @NaturalId
    private String registrationNumber;
    @ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private List<Address> addresses = new ArrayList<>();

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String registrationNumber) {
        this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;
    }

    public List<Address> getAddresses() {
        return addresses;
    }

    public void addAddress(Address address) {
        addresses.add( address );
        address.getOwners().add( this );
    }

    public void removeAddress(Address address) {
        addresses.remove( address );
        address.getOwners().remove( this );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if ( this == o ) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
            return false;
        }
        Person person = (Person) o;
        return Objects.equals( registrationNumber, person.registrationNumber );
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash( registrationNumber );
    }
}

子实体类（inverse side）定义如下：

@Entity(name = "Address")
public static class Address {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String street;

    private String number;

    private String postalCode;

    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "addresses")
    private List<Person> owners = new ArrayList<>();

    public Address() {
    }

    public Address(String street, String number, String postalCode) {
        this.street = street;
        this.number = number;
        this.postalCode = postalCode;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public String getPostalCode() {
        return postalCode;
    }

    public List<Person> getOwners() {
        return owners;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if ( this == o ) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
            return false;
        }
        Address address = (Address) o;
        return Objects.equals( street, address.street ) &&
                Objects.equals( number, address.number ) &&
                Objects.equals( postalCode, address.postalCode );
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash( street, number, postalCode );
    }
}

3.ManyToMany双向关联与两个OneToMany双向关联的等价替换

为中间表定义一个关联实体类，定义两个@ManyToOne关联，并作为owning side。
在两个实体类中分别定义一个@OneToMany关联，都作为inverse side。

关联实体类的定义如下：

@Entity(name = "PersonAddress")
public static class PersonAddress implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @ManyToOne
    private Person person;

    @Id
    @ManyToOne
    private Address address;

    public PersonAddress() {
    }

    public PersonAddress(Person person, Address address) {
        this.person = person;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Person getPerson() {
        return person;
    }

    public void setPerson(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if ( this == o ) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
            return false;
        }
        PersonAddress that = (PersonAddress) o;
        return Objects.equals( person, that.person ) &&
                Objects.equals( address, that.address );
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash( person, address );
    }
}

注意：其中定义了两个@ManyToOne关联，并且都是作为owning side。

一个实体类定义如下：

@Entity(name = "Person")
public static class Person implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    @NaturalId
    private String registrationNumber;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "person", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
    private List<PersonAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String registrationNumber) {
        this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public List<PersonAddress> getAddresses() {
        return addresses;
    }

    public void addAddress(Address address) {
        PersonAddress personAddress = new PersonAddress( this, address );
        addresses.add( personAddress );
        address.getOwners().add( personAddress );
    }

    public void removeAddress(Address address) {
        PersonAddress personAddress = new PersonAddress( this, address );
        address.getOwners().remove( personAddress );
        addresses.remove( personAddress );
        personAddress.setPerson( null );
        personAddress.setAddress( null );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if ( this == o ) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
            return false;
        }
        Person person = (Person) o;
        return Objects.equals( registrationNumber, person.registrationNumber );
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash( registrationNumber );
    }
}

注意：其中定义了一个@OneToMany关联，并且作为inverse side。

另一个实体类定义如下：

@Entity(name = "Address")
public static class Address implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String street;

    private String number;

    private String postalCode;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "address", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
    private List<PersonAddress> owners = new ArrayList<>();

    public Address() {
    }

    public Address(String street, String number, String postalCode) {
        this.street = street;
        this.number = number;
        this.postalCode = postalCode;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public String getPostalCode() {
        return postalCode;
    }

    public List<PersonAddress> getOwners() {
        return owners;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if ( this == o ) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) {
            return false;
        }
        Address address = (Address) o;
        return Objects.equals( street, address.street ) &&
                Objects.equals( number, address.number ) &&
                Objects.equals( postalCode, address.postalCode );
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash( street, number, postalCode );
    }
}

注意：其中定义了一个@OneToMany关联，并且作为inverse side。