Andriod 单元测试—InstrumentationTestCase

本文主要是介绍Android单元测试中的InstrumentationTestCase的用法。主要参考了这篇文章http://cjxixi.iteye.com/blog/1746495。

1.新建工程后，编写SampleActivity.java

public class SampleActivity extends Activity {
	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
	private String TAG="SampleActivity";
    private TextView myText = null;
    private Button button = null;
  
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        myText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mytext);
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.testbtn);
        
        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                myText.setText("Hello Android");
            }
        });
    }
  
    public int add(int i, int j) {
        return (i + j);
    }
}

2.新建一个xxx.test包，编写测试代码SampleTest.java

public class SampleTest extends InstrumentationTestCase {
    private SampleActivity sample = null;
    private Button button = null;
    private TextView text = null;
  
    /*
     * 初始设置
     * @see junit.framework.TestCase#setUp()
     */
    @Override
    protected void setUp()  {
        try {
            super.setUp();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setClassName("com.example.unittestinstrumentation", SampleActivity.class.getName());
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        sample = (SampleActivity) getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent);
        text = (TextView) sample.findViewById(R.id.mytext);
        button = (Button) sample.findViewById(R.id.testbtn);
    }
  
    /*
     * 垃圾清理与资源回收
     * @see android.test.InstrumentationTestCase#tearDown()
     */
    @Override
    protected void tearDown()  {
        sample.finish();
        try {
            super.tearDown();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    /*
     * 活动功能测试
     */
    public void testActivity() throws Exception {
        Log.v("testActivity", "test the Activity");
        SystemClock.sleep(1500);
        getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new PerformClick(button));
        SystemClock.sleep(3000);
        assertEquals("Hello Android", text.getText().toString());
    }
  
    /*
     * 模拟按钮点击的接口
     */
    private class PerformClick implements Runnable {
        Button btn;
        public PerformClick(Button button) {
            btn = button;
        }
  
        public void run() {
            btn.performClick();
        }
    }
  
    /*
     * 测试类中的方法
     */
    public void testAdd() throws Exception{
        String tag = "testAdd";
        Log.v(tag, "test the method");
        int test = sample.add(1, 1);
        assertEquals(2, test);
    }
}

3.布局文件activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Android Instrumentation单元测试"
        android:textSize="20dip" 
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:layout_marginTop="60dip"
        android:layout_gravity="center"/>
    
     <Button
        android:id="@+id/testbtn"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20dip" 
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:text="测试"/>
     
     <TextView
         android:id="@+id/mytext"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello"
        android:textSize="20dip" 
        android:layout_gravity="center"/>

</LinearLayout>

4.配置AndriodManifest.xml文件，将测试代码与被测试程序关联

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.unittestinstrumentation"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <!--用于引入测试库-->
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
        <activity
            android:name=".SampleActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
    
 <!--表示被测试的目标包与instrumentation的名称。-->
    <instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.example.unittestinstrumentation" 
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" />

</manifest>

注意：

 <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />放在application标签里边；

        <instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.example.unittestinstrumentation" 
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" />放在application标签外边。

5.运行测试程序，运行测试程序有2种方式

(1) 在andriodproject 上右击，run as Andriod JUnit Test，直接运行测试用例

(2)在模拟器上，运行测试用例。在模拟器中选择dev tools->“andriod.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”

来运行测试用例。这种很好，可以不需要pc运行测试用例。

注意：dev tools 真机上可能没有，需要安装