Sybase及SQL Anywhere SQL语句小结

SELECT 语句

 

SELECT *

FROM employee

 

SELECT *

FROM employee

ORDER BY emp_lname ASC

 

SELECT *

FROM employee

ORDER BY emp_lname DESC

 

SELECT emp_lname, dept_id, birth_date

FROM employee

 

SELECT *

FROM employee

WHERE emp_fname='John' (一定使用单引号)

 

SELECT emp_fname, emp_lname, birth_date

FROM employee

       WHERE emp_fname = 'John'

ORDER BY birth_date

 

SELECT emp_lname, birth_date

FROM employee

WHERE birth_date < 'March 3, 1964'

(=、<、>、<=、>=、<>，加上AND与OR)

 

SELECT emp_lname, emp_fname

FROM employee

WHERE emp_lname LIKE 'br%'

(%、_)

 

SELECT emp_lname, emp_fname

FROM employee

WHERE SOUNDEX( emp_lname ) = SOUNDEX( 'Brown' )

 

 

 

SELECT emp_lname, birth_date

FROM employee

WHERE birth_date BETWEEN '1965-1-1' AND '1965-3-31'

 

SELECT emp_lname, emp_id

FROM employee

WHERE emp_lname IN ('yeung', 'bucceri', 'charlton')

 

连接表

 

SELECT *

FROM sales_order, employee

WHERE sales_order.sales_rep = employee.emp_id

 

SELECT E.emp_lname, S.id, S.order_date

FROM sales_order as S, employee as E

WHERE S.sales_rep = E.emp_id

ORDER BY E.emp_lname

 

连接两表的快捷键： KEY JOIN及 NATURAL JOIN ，最好用WHERE.

SELECT emp_lname, id, order_date

FROM sales_order

KEY JOIN employee

(主键与外部键对应的地方，就可以用KEY JOIN)

 

SELECT company_name,

CAST( SUM(sales_order_items.quantity * product.unit_price) AS INTEGER) AS value

FROM customer

KEY JOIN sales_order

KEY JOIN sales_order_items

KEY JOIN product

GROUP BY company_name

 

SELECT emp_lname, dept_name

FROM employee

NATURAL JOIN department

(找出两表间有相同的字段名，进行连结)

 

集合

 

SELECT count( * )

FROM employee

 

 

SELECT   count( * ),

min( birth_date ),

max( birth_date )

FROM employee

(MIN, MAX, COUNT, AVG, SUM, LIST，作为单独的一列选出)

 

SELECT sales_rep, count( * )

FROM sales_order

GROUP BY sales_rep

(在使用GROUP BY时，对于GROUP BY指定的字段，其每一个不同的值都会组成一行)

 

SELECT sales_rep, count( * )

FROM  sales_order

KEY JOIN employee

GROUP BY sales_rep

HAVING count( * ) > 55

 

 

更新数据库

 

插入语句

 

INSERT

INTO department ( dept_id, dept_name, dept_head_id )

VALUES ( 220, 'Eastern Sales', 902 )

 

INSERT

INTO department

VALUES ( 220, 'Eastern Sales', 902 )

 

UPDATE employee

SET dept_id = 400, manager_id = 1576

WHERE emp_id = 195

 

DELETE

FROM employee

WHERE termination_date IS NOT NULL

 

DELETE

FROM employee

WHERE LEFT( phone, 3 ) = '617' AND manager_id = 902

 

 

 

视图

 

CREATE VIEW emp_dept AS

SELECT emp_fname, emp_lname, dept_name

FROM employee

JOIN department ON department.dept_id = employee.dept_id

 

SELECT *

FROM emp_dept

 

(视图能自动更新状态)

 

DROP VIEW emp_dept

 

CREATE VIEW emp_dept(FirstName, LastName, Department) AS

SELECT emp_fname, emp_lname, dept_name

FROM employee JOIN department ON department.dept_id = employee.dept_id

 

 

(创建视图不能使用ORDEY BY，但使用视图可以使用)

 

SELECT LastName, dept_head_id

FROM emp_dept, department

WHERE emp_dept.Department = department.dept_name

(将视图与其他表进行进一步的连结)

 

视图权限管理

 

GRANT CONNECT TO M_Kelly

IDENTIFIED BY SalesHead

 

CREATE VIEW SalesEmployee AS

SELECT emp_id, emp_lname, emp_fname

FROM "dba".employee

WHERE dept_id = 200

 

GRANT SELECT ON SalesEmployee TO M_Kelly

 

CONNECT USER M_Kelly IDENTIFIED BY SalesHead ;

SELECT * FROM "dba".SalesEmployee

 

 

 

 

子查询：

 

SELECT *

FROM sales_order_items

WHERE prod_id IN

             ( SELECT id

FROM product

WHERE quantity < 20 )

ORDER BY ship_date DESC

 

SELECT *

FROM fin_data

WHERE fin_data.code = ANY (  SELECT fin_code.code

FROM fin_code

WHERE type = 'revenue' )

（=ANY 相当于IN）

 

SELECT *

FROM fin_data

WHERE fin_data.code <> ALL (  SELECT fin_code.code

FROM fin_code

WHERE type = 'revenue' )

(相当于NOT IN)

 

SELECT   sales_order.id, sales_order.order_date,

( SELECT company_name

FROM customer

WHERE customer.id = sales_order.cust_id )

FROM   sales_order

WHERE order_date > '1994/01/01'

ORDER BY order_date

(如果其他表只要求产生一个字段，就可以使用子查询来代替连接)

 

SELECT company_name, state,

( SELECT MAX( id )

FROM sales_order

WHERE sales_order.cust_id = customer.id )

FROM customer

WHERE state = 'WA'

 

 

SELECT  company_name, MAX( sales_order.id ),state

FROM customer

KEY LEFT OUTER JOIN sales_order

WHERE state = 'WA'

GROUP BY company_name, state