通过MSXML来读写XML

以往在C#或者Java里面，都有很好的DOM来支持读写XML文档，在C++里面也有相应的不少。而MSXML是Windows下最常用的一个组件，以COM组件单独发布出来称为一个WINDOWS组件的。

首先需要通过#import "msxml.dll"连链接MSXML的dll

然后通过CoCreateInstance来创建COM接口:

CComPtr<IXMLDOMDocument> pDoc;
CComPtr<IXMLDOMElement> elementRoot;
CComPtr<IXMLDOMNode> pNode;
CComPtr<IXMLDOMDocument> pElement;
VARIANT_BOOL isSuccessful;
VARIANT varValue;

hr = ::CoCreateInstance(CLSID_DOMDocument, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC, IID_IXMLDOMDocument, (void **)(&pDoc));
if(FAILD(hr))
{
   _ASSERT(false):
   return hr;
}
hr = pRequestDoc->loadXML(BSTR(wszXml), &isSuccessful);
if(FAILD(hr) || !isSuccessful)
{
   _ASSERT(false):
   return hr;
}

hr = elementRoot->selectSingleNode(L"/testnode", &pNode);
if(FAILD(hr) || !isSuccessful)
{
   _ASSERT(false):
   return hr;
}

pElement = pNode;

hr = pRequestElement->getAttribute(L"type", &varValue);

if (varValue.vt == VT_BSTR)
{
      std::wstring wszTypeName = varValue.bstrVal;
      std::wcout<<wszTypeName<<endl;
}

有趣的是这个VARIANT这个结构体。

typedef /* [wire_marshal] */ struct tagVARIANT VARIANT;

struct tagVARIANT
    {
    union
        {
        struct __tagVARIANT
            {
            VARTYPE vt;
            WORD wReserved1;
            WORD wReserved2;
            WORD wReserved3;
            union
                {
                LONGLONG llVal;
                LONG lVal;
                BYTE bVal;
                SHORT iVal;
                FLOAT fltVal;
                DOUBLE dblVal;
                VARIANT_BOOL boolVal;
                _VARIANT_BOOL bool;
                SCODE scode;
                CY cyVal;
                DATE date;
                BSTR bstrVal;
                IUnknown *punkVal;
                IDispatch *pdispVal;
                SAFEARRAY *parray;
                BYTE *pbVal;
                SHORT *piVal;
                LONG *plVal;
                LONGLONG *pllVal;
                FLOAT *pfltVal;
                DOUBLE *pdblVal;
                VARIANT_BOOL *pboolVal;
                _VARIANT_BOOL *pbool;
                SCODE *pscode;
                CY *pcyVal;
                DATE *pdate;
                BSTR *pbstrVal;
                IUnknown **ppunkVal;
                IDispatch **ppdispVal;
                SAFEARRAY **pparray;
                VARIANT *pvarVal;
                PVOID byref;
                CHAR cVal;
                USHORT uiVal;
                ULONG ulVal;
                ULONGLONG ullVal;
                INT intVal;
                UINT uintVal;
                DECIMAL *pdecVal;
                CHAR *pcVal;
                USHORT *puiVal;
                ULONG *pulVal;
                ULONGLONG *pullVal;
                INT *pintVal;
                UINT *puintVal;
                struct __tagBRECORD
                    {
                    PVOID pvRecord;
                    IRecordInfo *pRecInfo;
                    }     __VARIANT_NAME_4;
                }     __VARIANT_NAME_3;
            }     __VARIANT_NAME_2;
        DECIMAL decVal;
        }     __VARIANT_NAME_1;
    } ;

它把各种数据类型都封装到一个union，然后再加上vt一个来确定数据类型的type，还有wReserved1-wReserved3三个保留字段。这个结构体虽然简单，但是却在很多其他地方，特别是未知数据类型的变量参数传递的时候有很重要的方便作用。