一、string内存分配
char myhex[17] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
string CharToHex(unsigned char c)
{
string ret;
ret.push_back(myhex[(c >> 4) & 0xf]); //取二进制高四位
ret.push_back(myhex[c & 0xf]); //取二进制低四位
return ret;
}
//打印string的32字节内存内容
void PrintString(string &str)
{
cout << "--------------------------------------" << endl;
unsigned char* startAddress = (unsigned char *)&str;
for(int i=0;i<32;i++)
{
unsigned char temp = *(startAddress+i);
if(temp >= 32 && temp <= (char)127)
{
cout << "[" << temp << "]";
}else
{
string str;
str.append("[");
str.append(CharToHex(temp));
str.append("]");
cout << str;
}
}
cout << endl << "--------------------------------------" << endl;
}
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
string str1 = "abcdefghijklmno";//占内存16字节
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
PrintString(str1);
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
cout << "str1地址:" << (void*)&str1 << endl;
cout << "str1.c_str():" << (void*)str1.c_str() << endl;
cout << "str1地址+16:" << ((void*)&str1)+16 << endl;
string str2 = "abcdefghijklmnop";//占内存17字节
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
PrintString(str2);
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
cout << "str2地址:" << (void*)&str2 << endl;
cout << "str2.c_str():" << (void*)str2.c_str() << endl;
cout << "str2地址+16:" << (void*)((*(char**)&str2)) << endl;
}
//输出结果
===========================================
--------------------------------------
[P][d][0C][8B][FF][][00][00][0F][00][00][00][00][00][00][00][a][b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i][j][k][l][m][n][o][00]
--------------------------------------
===========================================
str1地址:0x7fff8b0c6440
str1.c_str():0x7fff8b0c6450
str1地址+16:0x7fff8b0c6450
===========================================
--------------------------------------
[B0][C8][DB][00][00][00][00][00][10][00][00][00][00][00][00][00][10][00][00][00][00][00][00][00][P][B][@][00][00][00][00][00]
--------------------------------------
===========================================
str2地址:0x7fff8b0c6460
str2.c_str():0xdbc8b0
str2地址+16:0xdbc8b0
string对象占用内存32字节,其中后16字节用于在字符串长度小于16时候直接存储
当长度大于16字节时使用动态内存存储
c_str()直接返回实际存储字符串的地址
二、函数示例
1.string容量相关函数
//获取长度
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
str1 = "abcdefghijklmno";
cout << str1.length() << endl; //length为字符串长度
cout << str1.capacity() << endl; //capacity为字符串实际占用容量
//输出
//15
//15
//扩展
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
cout << "扩展前str1.c_str():" << (void*)str1.c_str() << endl;
str1.reserve(100);
cout << "扩展后str1.c_str():" << (void*)str1.c_str() << endl;
//输出
//扩展前str1.c_str():0x7fff5e899720
//扩展后str1.c_str():0xb008d0
//扩展会引起内存重新分配
2.c++字符串拼接
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
string strLog = "aaa";
strLog.reserve(500);//手动扩展内存,减少内存重分配次数
cout << strLog.length() << endl;
cout << strLog.capacity() << endl;
cout << "内存地址:" << (void*)strLog.c_str() << endl;
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
strLog.append("xxx");
cout << "内存地址:" << (void*)strLog.c_str() << "capacity:" << strLog.capacity() << endl;
}
//输出
/*
===========================================
3
15
内存地址:0x7ffe81367380
内存地址:0x7ffe81367380capacity:15
内存地址:0x7ffe81367380capacity:15
内存地址:0x7ffe81367380capacity:15
内存地址:0x7ffe81367380capacity:15
内存地址:0x167a940capacity:30
内存地址:0x167a940capacity:30
内存地址:0x167a940capacity:30
内存地址:0x167a940capacity:30
内存地址:0x167a940capacity:30
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a970capacity:60
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167a9c0capacity:120
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167aa50capacity:240
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
内存地址:0x167ab50capacity:480
*/
3.c++字符串拷贝
string str1 = "abcdefghijklmnopq";//占内存16字节
string str2 = str1;
string str3 = "";
str3 = str1;
cout << "===========================================" << endl;
cout << "str1.c_str():" << (void*)str1.c_str() << endl;
cout << "str2.c_str():" << (void*)str2.c_str() << endl;
cout << "str3.c_str():" << (void*)str3.c_str() << endl;
//输出
/*
str1.c_str():0xd894a0
str2.c_str():0xd894c0
str3.c_str():0xd894e0
*/
c++ 拷贝构造和operator=都是深拷贝