初识Hibernate(三)之多表关系维护

关系型数据库中常见的三种关系

  1. 一对多关系(最常见)
  2. 多对多关系
  3. 一对一关系(很少见)

Hibernate也提供了三种关系的维护,简化操作.

多一对多关系及简单CURD

测试用例 : 简易的客户联系人对应关系
客户表 :

CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
  `cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
  `cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
  `cust_user_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '负责人id',
  `cust_create_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人id',
  `cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
  `cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
  `cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
  `cust_linkman` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
  `cust_phone` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
  `cust_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

联系人表 :

CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
  `lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
  `lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
  `lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
  `lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
  `lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
  `lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
  `lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
  `lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
  `lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
  PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
  KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

关系型数据库中对应关系 :

这里写图片描述

Java中实体对应关系 :

这里写图片描述

实体Customer:

package com.tangbaobao.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author 唐学俊
 * @version 创建时间:2017年11月8日 下午8:52:20
 * 
 */
public class Customer {

    /*
     * CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` ( `cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
     * COMMENT '客户编号(主键)', `cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
     * `cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源', `cust_industry`
     * VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业', `cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT
     * NULL COMMENT '客户级别', `cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
     * `cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话', `cust_mobile`
     * VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话', PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`) )
     * ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
     */
    private Long cust_id;

    private String cust_name;
    private String cust_source;
    private String cust_industry;
    private String cust_level;
    private String cust_linkman;
    private String cust_phone;
    private String cust_mobile;

    private Set<LinkMan> linkMen = new HashSet<LinkMan>();
    public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMen() {
        return linkMen;
    }

    public void setLinkMen(Set<LinkMan> linkMen) {
        this.linkMen = linkMen;
    }

    public Long getCust_id() {
        return cust_id;
    }

    public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
        this.cust_id = cust_id;
    }

    public String getCust_name() {
        return cust_name;
    }

    public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
        this.cust_name = cust_name;
    }

    public String getCust_source() {
        return cust_source;
    }

    public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
        this.cust_source = cust_source;
    }

    public String getCust_industry() {
        return cust_industry;
    }

    public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
        this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
    }

    public String getCust_level() {
        return cust_level;
    }

    public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
        this.cust_level = cust_level;
    }

    public String getCust_linkman() {
        return cust_linkman;
    }

    public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
        this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
    }

    public String getCust_phone() {
        return cust_phone;
    }

    public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
        this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
    }

    public String getCust_mobile() {
        return cust_mobile;
    }

    public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
        this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
    }

}

实体LinkMan:

package com.tangbaobao.domain;
/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午7:25:45
* 
*/
public class LinkMan {
/*  CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
              `lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
              `lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
              `lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
              `lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
              `lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
              `lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
              `lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
              `lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
              `lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
              `lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
              PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
              KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
              CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
            ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;*/

    private Long lkm_id;
    private Character lkm_gender;
    private String lkm_name ;
    private String lkm_phone;
    private String lkm_mobile;
    private String lkm_email;
    private String lkm_qq;
    private String lkm_position;
    private String lkm_memo;

    private Customer customer;
    public Customer getCustomer() {
        return customer;
    }
    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }
    public Long getLkm_id() {
        return lkm_id;
    }
    public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
        this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
    }
    public Character getLkm_gender() {
        return lkm_gender;
    }
    public void setLkm_gender(Character lkm_gender) {
        this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
    }
    public String getLkm_name() {
        return lkm_name;
    }
    public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
        this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
    }
    public String getLkm_phone() {
        return lkm_phone;
    }
    public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
        this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
    }
    public String getLkm_mobile() {
        return lkm_mobile;
    }
    public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
        this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
    }
    public String getLkm_email() {
        return lkm_email;
    }
    public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
        this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
    }
    public String getLkm_qq() {
        return lkm_qq;
    }
    public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
        this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
    }
    public String getLkm_position() {
        return lkm_position;
    }
    public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
        this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
    }
    public String getLkm_memo() {
        return lkm_memo;
    }
    public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
        this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LinkMan [lkm_id=" + lkm_id + ", lkm_gender=" + lkm_gender + ", lkm_name=" + lkm_name + ", lkm_phone="
                + lkm_phone + ", lkm_mobile=" + lkm_mobile + ", lkm_email=" + lkm_email + ", lkm_qq=" + lkm_qq
                + ", lkm_position=" + lkm_position + ", lkm_memo=" + lkm_memo + "]";
    }

}

实体LinkMan映射文件 LinkMan.hbm.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain">
        <class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
            <id name ="lkm_id">
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="lkm_gender"></property>
            <property name="lkm_name"></property>
            <property name="lkm_phone"></property>
            <property name="lkm_mobile"></property>
            <property name="lkm_email"></property>
            <property name="lkm_qq"></property>
            <property name="lkm_position"></property>
            <property name="lkm_memo"></property>
            <many-to-one name="customer" class="Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

注意 : 配置文件中需要配置

<many-to-one
name="customer" //对应的属性名
class="Customer"//对应的实体类的全包名
column="lkm_cust_id" //外键
>
</many-to-one>

实体Customer映射文件 Customer.hbm.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
   <!-- 配置表与实体对象的关系 -->
   <!-- package属性:填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的属性,可以直接写简答类名了. -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain" >

    <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" >

        <id name="cust_id"  >
            <!-- generator:主键生成策略(明天讲) -->
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>

        <property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" >
            <!--  <column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar" ></column> -->
        </property>
        <property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
        <property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
        <property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
        <property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
        <property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
        <property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>

        <set name ="linkMen" >
            <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
            <one-to-many class ="LinkMan"/>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

注意: 需配置一对多关系

<set name ="linkMen" >//向关联的属性
    <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>//外键
    <one-to-many class ="LinkMan"/>//对应的实体类
</set>

简单的多表CURD

package com.tangbaobao.test;

import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.tangbaobao.domain.Customer;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.LinkMan;
import com.tangbaobao.utils.HibernateUtils;

/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午8:05:21
* 
*/
public class Test1 {

    @Test
    //建立连接
    public void fun() {
        //获取session对象
        Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
        //开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        //新建客户对象
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCust_name("糖糖工作室");

        //新建联系人对象
        LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
        linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");

        LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
        linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");

        //设置一对多关系
        customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
        customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);

        //设置多对一关系
        linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
        linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);

        //持久化到数据库
        session.save(customer);
        session.save(linkMan2);
        session.save(linkMan1);

        //提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //关闭资源
        HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }

    //为联系人添加客户
    @Test
    public void fun2() {
        //获取session对象
        Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

        //开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        //新建联系人
        LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkm_name("唐宝宝");

        //将联系人与客户关联
        Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1L);
        customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan);

        linkMan.setCustomer(customer);

        //持久化数据
        session.save(customer);
        session.save(linkMan);

        //提交事务
        tx.commit();

        //关闭资源
        HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }
    //将联系人与客户取消关联
    @Test
    public void fun3() {
        //获取session对象
        Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

        //开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();


        Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1L);

        LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 5L);

        //移除数据
        customer.getLinkMen().remove(customer);
        linkMan.setCustomer(null);

        //持久化数据
        session.save(customer);
        session.save(linkMan);

        //提交事务
        tx.commit();

        //关闭资源
        HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }

}

多表级联的简单操作

什么是级联操作?

级联操作就是根据主外键的关系,只需在关联的一方保存属性即可将两方关系都持久化到数据库

级联操作解决什么问题?

如果有n个关系,每次都要用session.save()来持久化,这样增加了代码的冗余性,而且增大工作量

实体映射配置文件需要增加 cascade 属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
   <!-- 配置表与实体对象的关系 -->
   <!-- package属性:填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的属性,可以直接写简答类名了. -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain" >
    <!-- 
        class元素: 配置实体与表的对应关系的
            name: 完整类名
            table:数据库表名
     -->
    <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" >
        <!-- id元素:配置主键映射的属性
                name: 填写主键对应属性名
                column(可选): 填写表中的主键列名.默认值:列名会默认使用属性名
                type(可选):填写列(属性)的类型.hibernate会自动检测实体的属性类型.
                        每个类型有三种填法: java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
                not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)是否不能为空. 默认值:false
                length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度. 默认值:使用数据库类型的最大长度
         -->
        <id name="cust_id"  >
            <!-- generator:主键生成策略(明天讲) -->
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <!-- property元素:除id之外的普通属性映射
                name: 填写属性名
                column(可选): 填写列名
                type(可选):填写列(属性)的类型.hibernate会自动检测实体的属性类型.
                        每个类型有三种填法: java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
                not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)是否不能为空. 默认值:false
                length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度. 默认值:使用数据库类型的最大长度
         -->
        <property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" >
            <!--  <column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar" ></column> -->
        </property>
        <property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
        <property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
        <property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
        <property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
        <property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
        <property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>

        <!-- 级联操作
        1.save-update
        2.delete        
        3.all
         -->
        <set name ="linkMen" cascade="save-update" >
            <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
            <one-to-many class ="LinkMan" />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain">
        <class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
            <id name ="lkm_id">
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="lkm_gender"></property>
            <property name="lkm_name"></property>
            <property name="lkm_phone"></property>
            <property name="lkm_mobile"></property>
            <property name="lkm_email"></property>
            <property name="lkm_qq"></property>
            <property name="lkm_position"></property>
            <property name="lkm_memo"></property>
            <many-to-one name="customer" class="Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

级联操作多表CURD

package com.tangbaobao.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.tangbaobao.domain.Customer;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.LinkMan;
import com.tangbaobao.utils.HibernateUtils;

/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午8:45:19
* 级联操作
*/
public class Test2 {

    @Test
    //级联操作增加联系人
    public void fun() {
        //获取session对象
        Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
        //开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        //新建客户对象
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCust_name("糖糖工作室");

        //新建联系人对象
        LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
        linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");

        LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
        linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");

        //设置一对多关系
        customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
        customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);

        //设置多对一关系
        linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
        linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);

        //持久化到数据库//前提Cusotomer.hbm.xml已经配置了cascade
        session.save(customer);

        //提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //关闭资源
        HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }

    @Test
    //级联操作删除联系人
    public void fun2() {
        //获取session对象
        Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
        //开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        //获取客户
        Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1L);

        //删除客户
        session.delete(customer);
        //提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //关闭资源
        HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }
    @Test
    //级联保存联系人对应客户
    public void fun3() {
        //获取session对象
                Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
                //开启事务
                Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

                //新建客户对象
                Customer customer = new Customer();
                customer.setCust_name("图图工作室");

                //新建联系人对象
                LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
                linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");

                LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
                linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");

                //设置一对多关系
                customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
                customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);

                //设置多对一关系
                linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
                linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);

                //持久化到数据库//前提Cusotomer.hbm.xml已经配置了cascade
                session.save(linkMan1);
                session.save(linkMan2);

                //提交事务
                tx.commit();
                //关闭资源
                HibernateUtils.closeAll();
    }
}

设置inverse属性优化Hibernate持久化效率

出现问题

这里写图片描述

在生成LInkMan表时已经加入了外键;
但是下面有多了两次更新外键操作,这是Customer又维护了一次,降低了Hibernate的性能.
解决办法:

Hibernate 在关联属性中为我我们提供了inverse属性;是否维护外键
inverse: false:维护
inverse:true:不维护

配置:

<set name ="linkMen"   inverse="true">
    <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
    <one-to-many class ="LinkMan" />
</set>

测试结果:
这里写图片描述

总结

Hibernate中一对多关系中操作主要有以下:

  1. 配置多表关系
  2. 配置级联属性,简化多表操作;cascade
  3. 配置是否维护外键,提高性能inverse
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