关系型数据库中常见的三种关系
- 一对多关系(最常见)
- 多对多关系
- 一对一关系(很少见)
Hibernate也提供了三种关系的维护,简化操作.
多一对多关系及简单CURD
测试用例 : 简易的客户联系人对应关系
客户表 :
CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
`cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
`cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
`cust_user_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '负责人id',
`cust_create_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人id',
`cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
`cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
`cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
`cust_linkman` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
`cust_phone` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
`cust_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
联系人表 :
CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
`lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
`lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
`lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
`lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
`lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
`lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
`lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
`lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
`lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
`lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
关系型数据库中对应关系 :
Java中实体对应关系 :
实体Customer:
package com.tangbaobao.domain;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月8日 下午8:52:20
*
*/
public class Customer {
/*
* CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` ( `cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
* COMMENT '客户编号(主键)', `cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
* `cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源', `cust_industry`
* VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业', `cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT
* NULL COMMENT '客户级别', `cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
* `cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话', `cust_mobile`
* VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话', PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`) )
* ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
*/
private Long cust_id;
private String cust_name;
private String cust_source;
private String cust_industry;
private String cust_level;
private String cust_linkman;
private String cust_phone;
private String cust_mobile;
private Set<LinkMan> linkMen = new HashSet<LinkMan>();
public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMen() {
return linkMen;
}
public void setLinkMen(Set<LinkMan> linkMen) {
this.linkMen = linkMen;
}
public Long getCust_id() {
return cust_id;
}
public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
this.cust_id = cust_id;
}
public String getCust_name() {
return cust_name;
}
public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
this.cust_name = cust_name;
}
public String getCust_source() {
return cust_source;
}
public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
this.cust_source = cust_source;
}
public String getCust_industry() {
return cust_industry;
}
public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
}
public String getCust_level() {
return cust_level;
}
public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
this.cust_level = cust_level;
}
public String getCust_linkman() {
return cust_linkman;
}
public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
}
public String getCust_phone() {
return cust_phone;
}
public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
}
public String getCust_mobile() {
return cust_mobile;
}
public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
}
}
实体LinkMan:
package com.tangbaobao.domain;
/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午7:25:45
*
*/
public class LinkMan {
/* CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
`lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
`lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
`lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
`lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
`lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
`lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
`lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
`lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
`lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
`lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;*/
private Long lkm_id;
private Character lkm_gender;
private String lkm_name ;
private String lkm_phone;
private String lkm_mobile;
private String lkm_email;
private String lkm_qq;
private String lkm_position;
private String lkm_memo;
private Customer customer;
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
}
public Long getLkm_id() {
return lkm_id;
}
public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
}
public Character getLkm_gender() {
return lkm_gender;
}
public void setLkm_gender(Character lkm_gender) {
this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
}
public String getLkm_name() {
return lkm_name;
}
public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
}
public String getLkm_phone() {
return lkm_phone;
}
public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
}
public String getLkm_mobile() {
return lkm_mobile;
}
public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
}
public String getLkm_email() {
return lkm_email;
}
public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
}
public String getLkm_qq() {
return lkm_qq;
}
public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
}
public String getLkm_position() {
return lkm_position;
}
public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
}
public String getLkm_memo() {
return lkm_memo;
}
public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "LinkMan [lkm_id=" + lkm_id + ", lkm_gender=" + lkm_gender + ", lkm_name=" + lkm_name + ", lkm_phone="
+ lkm_phone + ", lkm_mobile=" + lkm_mobile + ", lkm_email=" + lkm_email + ", lkm_qq=" + lkm_qq
+ ", lkm_position=" + lkm_position + ", lkm_memo=" + lkm_memo + "]";
}
}
实体LinkMan映射文件 LinkMan.hbm.xml配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain">
<class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
<id name ="lkm_id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="lkm_gender"></property>
<property name="lkm_name"></property>
<property name="lkm_phone"></property>
<property name="lkm_mobile"></property>
<property name="lkm_email"></property>
<property name="lkm_qq"></property>
<property name="lkm_position"></property>
<property name="lkm_memo"></property>
<many-to-one name="customer" class="Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
注意 : 配置文件中需要配置
<many-to-one
name="customer" //对应的属性名
class="Customer"//对应的实体类的全包名
column="lkm_cust_id" //外键
>
</many-to-one>
实体Customer映射文件 Customer.hbm.xml配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 配置表与实体对象的关系 -->
<!-- package属性:填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的属性,可以直接写简答类名了. -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain" >
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" >
<id name="cust_id" >
<!-- generator:主键生成策略(明天讲) -->
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" >
<!-- <column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar" ></column> -->
</property>
<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
<property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>
<set name ="linkMen" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
<one-to-many class ="LinkMan"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
注意: 需配置一对多关系
<set name ="linkMen" >//向关联的属性
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>//外键
<one-to-many class ="LinkMan"/>//对应的实体类
</set>
简单的多表CURD
package com.tangbaobao.test;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.Customer;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.LinkMan;
import com.tangbaobao.utils.HibernateUtils;
/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午8:05:21
*
*/
public class Test1 {
@Test
//建立连接
public void fun() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//新建客户对象
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("糖糖工作室");
//新建联系人对象
LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");
LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");
//设置一对多关系
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);
//设置多对一关系
linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);
//持久化到数据库
session.save(customer);
session.save(linkMan2);
session.save(linkMan1);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
//为联系人添加客户
@Test
public void fun2() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//新建联系人
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkm_name("唐宝宝");
//将联系人与客户关联
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1L);
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan);
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
//持久化数据
session.save(customer);
session.save(linkMan);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
//将联系人与客户取消关联
@Test
public void fun3() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1L);
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 5L);
//移除数据
customer.getLinkMen().remove(customer);
linkMan.setCustomer(null);
//持久化数据
session.save(customer);
session.save(linkMan);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
}
多表级联的简单操作
什么是级联操作?
级联操作就是根据主外键的关系,只需在关联的一方保存属性即可将两方关系都持久化到数据库
级联操作解决什么问题?
如果有n个关系,每次都要用session.save()来持久化,这样增加了代码的冗余性,而且增大工作量
实体映射配置文件需要增加 cascade 属性
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 配置表与实体对象的关系 -->
<!-- package属性:填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的属性,可以直接写简答类名了. -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain" >
<!--
class元素: 配置实体与表的对应关系的
name: 完整类名
table:数据库表名
-->
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" >
<!-- id元素:配置主键映射的属性
name: 填写主键对应属性名
column(可选): 填写表中的主键列名.默认值:列名会默认使用属性名
type(可选):填写列(属性)的类型.hibernate会自动检测实体的属性类型.
每个类型有三种填法: java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)是否不能为空. 默认值:false
length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度. 默认值:使用数据库类型的最大长度
-->
<id name="cust_id" >
<!-- generator:主键生成策略(明天讲) -->
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<!-- property元素:除id之外的普通属性映射
name: 填写属性名
column(可选): 填写列名
type(可选):填写列(属性)的类型.hibernate会自动检测实体的属性类型.
每个类型有三种填法: java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)是否不能为空. 默认值:false
length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度. 默认值:使用数据库类型的最大长度
-->
<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" >
<!-- <column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar" ></column> -->
</property>
<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
<property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>
<!-- 级联操作
1.save-update
2.delete
3.all
-->
<set name ="linkMen" cascade="save-update" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
<one-to-many class ="LinkMan" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.tangbaobao.domain">
<class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
<id name ="lkm_id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="lkm_gender"></property>
<property name="lkm_name"></property>
<property name="lkm_phone"></property>
<property name="lkm_mobile"></property>
<property name="lkm_email"></property>
<property name="lkm_qq"></property>
<property name="lkm_position"></property>
<property name="lkm_memo"></property>
<many-to-one name="customer" class="Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
级联操作多表CURD
package com.tangbaobao.test;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.Customer;
import com.tangbaobao.domain.LinkMan;
import com.tangbaobao.utils.HibernateUtils;
/**
* @author 唐学俊
* @version 创建时间:2017年11月21日 下午8:45:19
* 级联操作
*/
public class Test2 {
@Test
//级联操作增加联系人
public void fun() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//新建客户对象
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("糖糖工作室");
//新建联系人对象
LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");
LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");
//设置一对多关系
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);
//设置多对一关系
linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);
//持久化到数据库//前提Cusotomer.hbm.xml已经配置了cascade
session.save(customer);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
@Test
//级联操作删除联系人
public void fun2() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//获取客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1L);
//删除客户
session.delete(customer);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
@Test
//级联保存联系人对应客户
public void fun3() {
//获取session对象
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启事务
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//新建客户对象
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("图图工作室");
//新建联系人对象
LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
linkMan1.setLkm_name("唐学俊");
LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
linkMan2.setLkm_name("唐丽");
//设置一对多关系
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan1);
customer.getLinkMen().add(linkMan2);
//设置多对一关系
linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
linkMan2.setCustomer(customer);
//持久化到数据库//前提Cusotomer.hbm.xml已经配置了cascade
session.save(linkMan1);
session.save(linkMan2);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
//关闭资源
HibernateUtils.closeAll();
}
}
设置inverse属性优化Hibernate持久化效率
出现问题
在生成LInkMan表时已经加入了外键;
但是下面有多了两次更新外键操作,这是Customer又维护了一次,降低了Hibernate的性能.
解决办法:
Hibernate 在关联属性中为我我们提供了inverse属性;是否维护外键
inverse: false:维护
inverse:true:不维护
配置:
<set name ="linkMen" inverse="true">
<key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
<one-to-many class ="LinkMan" />
</set>
测试结果:
总结
Hibernate中一对多关系中操作主要有以下:
- 配置多表关系
- 配置级联属性,简化多表操作;cascade
- 配置是否维护外键,提高性能inverse