使用springData进行多表联查

如何使用springData进行多表联查呢

多表联查一般就是多对一，一对多，和多对多。

首先来看下一对多和多对一。

下面有个用户表和一个联系人表，一个用户可以对应多个联系人，这样就是一对多；同时多个联系人对应一个用户，这样也就是多对一。

看下具体实现过程，首先需要搭建mave工程

然后就是导入pom.xml中对应的坐标

 <properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.4.10.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- el end -->
    </dependencies>

然后配置的是applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置-->

    <!-- 1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactoty" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!--配置的扫描的包（实体类所在的包） -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.w.domain" />
        <!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>

        <!--jpa的供应商适配器 -->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 -->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
                <!--指定数据库类型 -->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
                <!--数据库方言：支持的特有语法 -->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
                <!--是否显示sql -->
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>

        <!--jpa的方言 ：高级的特性 -->
        <property name="jpaDialect" >
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
        </property>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

    </bean>

    <!--2.创建数据库连接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///springdata" ></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--3.整合spring dataJpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.w.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                   entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoty" ></jpa:repositories>

    <!--4.配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoty"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.txAdvice-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- 5.aop-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.w.service.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
    </aop:config>


    <!--5.声明式事务 -->

    <!-- 6. 配置包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.w" ></context:component-scan>
</beans>

配置好了以后，建立对应的数据库表

/*创建客户表*/
CREATE TABLE cst_customer (
  cust_id bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
  cust_name varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
  cust_source varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
  cust_industry varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
  cust_level varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
  cust_address varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址',
  cust_phone varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系电话',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=94 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*创建联系人表*/
CREATE TABLE cst_linkman (
  lkm_id bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
  lkm_name varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  lkm_gender char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
  lkm_phone varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
  lkm_mobile varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
  lkm_email varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
  lkm_position varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
  lkm_memo varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
  lkm_cust_id bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id(外键)',
  PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
  KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

以及对应的实体类

package com.w.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name="cst_customer")
public class Customer {
    //主键
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="cust_id")
    private Long cId;
    //客户名称
    @Column(name="cust_name")
    private String cName;
    //客户来源
    @Column(name="cust_source")
    private String cSource;
    //所属行业
    @Column(name="cust_industry")
    private String cIndustry;
    //等级
    @Column(name="cust_level")
    private String cLevel;
    //地址
    @Column(name="cust_address")
    private String cAddr;
    //电话
    @Column(name="cust_phone")
    private String cPhone;

   /* @OneToMany(targetEntity = LinkMan.class)
    //name应该是从表的外键，referencedColumnName应该为主表的id
    @JoinColumn(name="lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")*/
    /**
     * 一对多可以通过放弃一的一方的外键维护，然后mappedBy写的是从表中对应的属性的名称
     * cascade:级联操作，当操作主表的时候，可以将从表的数据也进行操作，例如test1
     * all：所有
     * merge：更新
     * PERSIST：保存
     * remove：删除
     */
   @OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer",cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private Set<LinkMan> linkMans = new HashSet<LinkMan>();

    public Long getcId() {
        return cId;
    }

    public void setcId(Long cId) {
        this.cId = cId;
    }

    public String getcName() {
        return cName;
    }

    public void setcName(String cName) {
        this.cName = cName;
    }

    public String getcSource() {
        return cSource;
    }

    public void setcSource(String cSource) {
        this.cSource = cSource;
    }

    public String getcIndustry() {
        return cIndustry;
    }

    public void setcIndustry(String cIndustry) {
        this.cIndustry = cIndustry;
    }

    public String getcLevel() {
        return cLevel;
    }

    public void setcLevel(String cLevel) {
        this.cLevel = cLevel;
    }

    public String getcAddr() {
        return cAddr;
    }

    public void setcAddr(String cAddr) {
        this.cAddr = cAddr;
    }

    public String getcPhone() {
        return cPhone;
    }

    public void setcPhone(String cPhone) {
        this.cPhone = cPhone;
    }

    public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
        return linkMans;
    }

    public void setLinkMans(Set<LinkMan> linkMans) {
        this.linkMans = linkMans;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "cId=" + cId +
                ", cName='" + cName + '\'' +
                ", cSource='" + cSource + '\'' +
                ", cIndustry='" + cIndustry + '\'' +
                ", cLevel='" + cLevel + '\'' +
                ", cAddr='" + cAddr + '\'' +
                ", cPhone='" + cPhone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.w.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_linkman")
public class LinkMan {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "lkm_id")
    private Long lkmId; //联系人编号(主键)
    @Column(name = "lkm_name")
    private String lkmName;//联系人姓名
    @Column(name = "lkm_gender")
    private String lkmGender;//联系人性别
    @Column(name = "lkm_phone")
    private String lkmPhone;//联系人办公电话
    @Column(name = "lkm_mobile")
    private String lkmMobile;//联系人手机
    @Column(name = "lkm_email")
    private String lkmEmail;//联系人邮箱
    @Column(name = "lkm_position")
    private String lkmPosition;//联系人职位
    @Column(name = "lkm_memo")
    private String lkmMemo;//联系人备注

    /**
     * 配置联系人到客户的多对一关系
     *     使用注解的形式配置多对一关系
     *      1.配置表关系
     *          @ManyToOne : 配置多对一关系
     *              targetEntity：对方的实体类字节码
     *      2.配置外键（中间表）
     *
     * * 配置外键的过程，配置到了多的一方，就会在多的一方维护外键
     *
     */
    @ManyToOne(targetEntity = Customer.class)
    @JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
    private Customer customer;

    public Long getLkmId() {
        return lkmId;
    }

    public void setLkmId(Long lkmId) {
        this.lkmId = lkmId;
    }

    public String getLkmName() {
        return lkmName;
    }

    public void setLkmName(String lkmName) {
        this.lkmName = lkmName;
    }

    public String getLkmGender() {
        return lkmGender;
    }

    public void setLkmGender(String lkmGender) {
        this.lkmGender = lkmGender;
    }

    public String getLkmPhone() {
        return lkmPhone;
    }

    public void setLkmPhone(String lkmPhone) {
        this.lkmPhone = lkmPhone;
    }

    public String getLkmMobile() {
        return lkmMobile;
    }

    public void setLkmMobile(String lkmMobile) {
        this.lkmMobile = lkmMobile;
    }

    public String getLkmEmail() {
        return lkmEmail;
    }

    public void setLkmEmail(String lkmEmail) {
        this.lkmEmail = lkmEmail;
    }

    public String getLkmPosition() {
        return lkmPosition;
    }

    public void setLkmPosition(String lkmPosition) {
        this.lkmPosition = lkmPosition;
    }

    public String getLkmMemo() {
        return lkmMemo;
    }

    public void setLkmMemo(String lkmMemo) {
        this.lkmMemo = lkmMemo;
    }

    public Customer getCustomer() {
        return customer;
    }

    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LinkMan{" +
                "lkmId=" + lkmId +
                ", lkmName='" + lkmName + '\'' +
                ", lkmGender='" + lkmGender + '\'' +
                ", lkmPhone='" + lkmPhone + '\'' +
                ", lkmMobile='" + lkmMobile + '\'' +
                ", lkmEmail='" + lkmEmail + '\'' +
                ", lkmPosition='" + lkmPosition + '\'' +
                ", lkmMemo='" + lkmMemo + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

还有就是创建对应的Dao接口，需要继承JpaRepository和 JpaSpecificationExecutor两个接口

然后就是编写测试类

package com.w;

import com.w.dao.CustomDao;
import com.w.dao.LinkManDao;
import com.w.domain.Customer;
import com.w.domain.LinkMan;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import javax.persistence.criteria.*;
import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class Test1{
    @Autowired
    private CustomDao customDao;
    @Autowired
    private LinkManDao linkManDao;

    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void test1() {
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setcName("中国移动3");
        LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkmName("张三3");
        customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
        linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
        customDao.save(customer);
        //linkManDao.save(linkMan);

    }

}

这里，如果选择级联操作，也就是添加用户以后直接保存联系人操作，一对多可以通过放弃一的一方的外键维护，然后mappedBy写的是从表中对应的属性的名称。

然后是多对多的映射

多对多的就是用户和角色，一个用户对应多个角色，一个角色对应多个用户，需要添加一个用户角色的关联表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
  `role_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `role_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_age` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role` (
  `sys_user_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `sys_role_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sys_user_id`),
  KEY `FK1ef5794xnbirtsnudta6p32on` (`sys_role_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK1ef5794xnbirtsnudta6p32on` FOREIGN KEY (`sys_role_id`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`role_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FKsbjvgfdwwy5rfbiag1bwh9x2b` FOREIGN KEY (`sys_user_id`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

以及对应的实体类

package com.w.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "user_name")
    private String userName;
    @Column(name = "user_age")
    private String userAge;
    //targetEntity:关联的实体类，cascade:设置级联操作
    @ManyToMany(targetEntity = Role.class,cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    /**
     * 配置中间表多对多
     */
    @JoinTable(
            //中间表表名
            name = "sys_user_role",
            //joinColumns,当前对象在中间表中的外键
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_user_id",referencedColumnName = "user_id")},
            //inverseColumns,对方中间表中的外键
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name ="sys_role_id",referencedColumnName = "role_id")}
            )
    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<Role>();

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getUserAge() {
        return userAge;
    }

    public void setUserAge(String userAge) {
        this.userAge = userAge;
    }

    public Set<Role> getRoles() {
        return roles;
    }

    public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
        this.roles = roles;
    }
}

package com.w.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name="sys_role")
public class Role {
    //主键
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="role_id")
    private Long id;
    //角色名称
    @Column(name="role_name")
    private String name;

    /*@ManyToMany(targetEntity = User.class)
    @JoinTable(name="sys_user_role",
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_role_id",referencedColumnName = "role_id")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_user_id",referencedColumnName = "user_id")}
    )*/
    //被动的一方放弃外键的维护
    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
    private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Set<User> getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

    public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
        this.users = users;
    }
}

package com.w;

import com.w.dao.RoleDao;
import com.w.dao.UserDao;
import com.w.domain.Role;
import com.w.domain.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class TestMany2Many {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    @Autowired
    private RoleDao roleDao;

    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void test1() {
        User user = new User();
        String userName = "张三8";
        user.setUserName(userName);
        Role role = new Role();
        role.setName("李四8");
        user.getRoles().add(role);
        role.getUsers().add(user);
        userDao.save(user);
        //roleDao.save(role);
    }

}

对应的接口我就省略了，然后是测试类。