ubuntu将U盘分区表从4改为1

一、卸载设备

1.查看

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mount

/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,commit=0)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/tankai/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tankai)
/dev/sdb4 on /media/3489-F97A type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush)

2.卸载

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# umount /media/3489-F97A/

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# ls -l /dev/sd

sda   sda1  sda2  sda5  sda6  sda7  sdb   sdb4  

二、重建分区表

1.显示分区信息

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# fdisk --help

fdisk：无效选项 -- -
Usage:
 fdisk [options] <disk>    change partition table
 fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s)
 fdisk -s <partition>      give partition size(s) in blocks


Options:
 -b <size>             sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096)
 -c[=<mode>]           compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default)
 -h                    print this help text
 -u[=<unit>]           display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default)
 -v                    print program version
 -C <number>           specify the number of cylinders
 -H <number>           specify the number of heads
 -S <number>           specify the number of sectors per track

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# fdisk  -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 7803 MB, 7803174912 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 948 cylinders, total 15240576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcad4ebea


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb4   *          63    15240512     7620225    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)

2.删除设备分区/dev/sdb4：
root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# fdisk   /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): l


 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      


Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdb: 7803 MB, 7803174912 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 948 cylinders, total 15240576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcad4ebea


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb4   *          63    15240512     7620225    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)


Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 4


Command (m for help): 4
4: unknown command
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3.重建分区/dev/sdb1：

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# fdisk   /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdb: 7803 MB, 7803174912 bytes
241 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1019 cylinders, total 15240576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcad4ebea


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System


Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-15240575, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15240575, default 15240575): 
Using default value 15240575


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4.查看/dev/sdb1：

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# ls -l /dev/s

sda       sda2      sda6      sdb       serial/   sg1       snapshot  stderr    stdout    
sda1      sda5      sda7      sdb1      sg0       shm/      snd/      stdin     

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mount

/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,commit=0)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/tankai/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tankai)

三、格式化分区  

1.将/dev/sdb1格式化为fat32 

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mkfs

mkfs          mkfs.cramfs   mkfs.ext3     mkfs.ext4dev  mkfs.msdos    mkfs.vfat     
mkfs.bfs      mkfs.ext2     mkfs.ext4     mkfs.minix    mkfs.ntfs 

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mkfs.vfat --help

mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)
mkfs.vfat: invalid option -- '-'
Unknown option: ?
Usage: mkdosfs [-a][-A][-c][-C][-v][-I][-l bad-block-file][-b backup-boot-sector]
       [-m boot-msg-file][-n volume-name][-i volume-id]
       [-s sectors-per-cluster][-S logical-sector-size][-f number-of-FATs]
       [-h hidden-sectors][-F fat-size][-r root-dir-entries][-R reserved-sectors]
       /dev/name [blocks]

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mkfs.vfat -n cuixuan /dev/sdb1

mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)

2.重新挂载（热插拔下）

root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mount

/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,commit=0)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/tankai/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tankai)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/cuixuan type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush)
root@tankai-G41T-R3:/home/tankai# mount
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,commit=0)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/tankai/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tankai)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/cuixuan type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush)