vue + springboot前后端分离图片无法实现上传

前端我对axios做了封装，代码如下:
import axios from 'axios'
import { useUserStore } from '@/stores'
const baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080'

const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL,
  timeout: 100000
})

// 请求拦截器
instance.interceptors.request.use(
  (config) => {
    const useStore = useUserStore()
    if (useStore.token) {
      config.headers.Authorization = useStore.token
    }
    return config
  }
)

// 响应拦截器
instance.interceptors.response.use(
  (res) => {
    // code为1表示服务器端操作成功
    if (res.data.code === 1) {
      return res
    }
    // 处理业务失败, 给错误提示，抛出错误
    ElMessage.error(res.data.msg || '服务异常')
    return Promise.reject(res.data)
  },
  (err) => {
    // 错误的特殊情况 => 401 权限不足 或 token 过期 => 拦截到登录
    if (err.response?.status === 401) {
      router.push('/login')
    }

    // 错误的默认情况 => 只要给提示
    ElMessage.error(err.response.data.message || '服务异常')
    return Promise.reject(err)
  }
)
export default instance
上传组件代码
<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
import { Plus, Upload } from "@element-plus/icons-vue";
import { updateAvatar } from "@/api/user";
import { useUserStore } from "@/stores";

const userStore = useUserStore();
const imgUrl = ref(userStore.user.image);
const uploadRef = ref();
const onSelectFile = (uploadFile) => {
  // 基于 FileReader 读取图片做预览
  const reader = new FileReader();
  reader.readAsDataURL(uploadFile.raw);
  reader.onload = () => {
    imgUrl.value = reader.result;
  };
};

const onUpdateAvatar = async () => {
  const fd = new FormData()
  fd.append('uploadFile',imgUrl.value)
  // 发送请求更新头像
  await updateAvatar(fd);
  // userStore 重新渲染
  await userStore.getUser();
  // 提示用户
  ElMessage.success("头像更新成功");
};
</script>

<template>
  <page-container title="更换头像">
    <el-upload
      ref="uploadRef"
      :auto-upload="false"
      class="avatar-uploader"
      :show-file-list="false"
      :on-change="onSelectFile"
    >
      < img v-if="imgUrl" :src="imgUrl" class="avatar" />
      <el-icon v-else class="avatar-uploader-icon"><Plus /></el-icon>
    </el-upload>

    <br />

    <el-button
      @click="uploadRef.$el.querySelector('input').click()"
      type="primary"
      :icon="Plus"
      size="large"
      >选择图片</el-button
    >
    <el-button
      @click="onUpdateAvatar"
      type="success"
      :icon="Upload"
      size="large"
      >上传头像</el-button
    >
  </page-container>
</template>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.avatar-uploader {
  :deep() {
    .avatar {
      width: 278px;
      height: 278px;
      display: block;
    }
    .el-upload {
      border: 1px dashed var(--el-border-color);
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
      transition: var(--el-transition-duration-fast);
    }
    .el-upload:hover {
      border-color: var(--el-color-primary);
    }
    .el-icon.avatar-uploader-icon {
      font-size: 28px;
      color: #8c939d;
      width: 278px;
      height: 278px;
      text-align: center;
    }
  }
}
</style>
user.js代码
import request from '@/utils/request'
// 登录
export const userLogin = (user) => request.post('/login',user)
// 获取用户信息
export const userInfo = () => request.get('/emps/userInfo')
// 更新头像
export const updateAvatar = (avatar) => request.patch('/emps/updateAvatar',{avatar},{
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
    }
})
后端接收代码
@PatchMapping("/updateAvatar")
public Result updateAvatar(@RequestHeader("authorization") String token,MultipartFile uploadFile) throws IOException {
    Claims claims = JwtUtils.parseJWT(token);
    Emp emp = empService.getById((int)claims.get("id"));
    // 上传头像
    String url = aliOSSUtils.upload(uploadFile);
    emp.setImage(url);
    return Result.success();
}