RDD转换算子(四)-缓存算子及源码解析

 转换算子

主要做的是就是将一个已有的RDD生成另外一个RDD。Transformation具有lazy特性(延迟加载)。Transformation算子的代码不会真正被执行。只有当我们的程序里面遇到一个action算子的时候，代码才会真正的被执行。这种设计让Spark更加有效率地运行。

KV算子为Rdd内部为键值对类型

官方文档

RDD Programming Guide - Spark 3.5.1 Documentation

cache \persist 

val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog", "Gnu", "Rat"), 2)
rdd1.getStorageLevel
rdd1.cache
rdd1.getStorageLevel

org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel = StorageLevel(1 replicas)
org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel = StorageLevel(memory, deserialized, 1 replicas)

​

代码解析

/**
 * Persist this RDD with the default storage level (`MEMORY_ONLY`).
 */
def cache(): this.type = persist()

/**
 * Persist this RDD with the default storage level (`MEMORY_ONLY`).
 */
def persist(): this.type = persist(StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY)

/**
 * Set this RDD's storage level to persist its values across operations after the first time
 * it is computed. This can only be used to assign a new storage level if the RDD does not
 * have a storage level set yet. Local checkpointing is an exception.
 */
def persist(newLevel: StorageLevel): this.type = {
  if (isLocallyCheckpointed) {
    // This means the user previously called localCheckpoint(), which should have already
    // marked this RDD for persisting. Here we should override the old storage level with
    // one that is explicitly requested by the user (after adapting it to use disk).
    persist(LocalRDDCheckpointData.transformStorageLevel(newLevel), allowOverride = true)
  } else {
    persist(newLevel, allowOverride = false)
  }
}

class StorageLevel private(
    private var _useDisk: Boolean,
    private var _useMemory: Boolean,
    private var _useOffHeap: Boolean,
    private var _deserialized: Boolean,
    private var _replication: Int = 1)
  extends Externalizable {

 存储级别

Storage Level	Meaning
MEMORY_ONLY	Store RDD as deserialized Java objects in the JVM. If the RDD does not fit in memory, some partitions will not be cached and will be recomputed on the fly each time they're needed. This is the default level.
MEMORY_AND_DISK	Store RDD as deserialized Java objects in the JVM. If the RDD does not fit in memory, store the partitions that don't fit on disk, and read them from there when they're needed.
MEMORY_ONLY_SER (Java and Scala)	Store RDD as serialized Java objects (one byte array per partition). This is generally more space-efficient than deserialized objects, especially when using a fast serializer, but more CPU-intensive to read.
MEMORY_AND_DISK_SER (Java and Scala)	Similar to MEMORY_ONLY_SER, but spill partitions that don't fit in memory to disk instead of recomputing them on the fly each time they're needed.
DISK_ONLY	Store the RDD partitions only on disk.
MEMORY_ONLY_2, MEMORY_AND_DISK_2, etc.	Same as the levels above, but replicate each partition on two cluster nodes.
OFF_HEAP (experimental)	Similar to MEMORY_ONLY_SER, but store the data in off-heap memory. This requires off-heap memory to be enabled.

Which Storage Level to Choose?

Spark’s storage levels are meant to provide different trade-offs between memory usage and CPU efficiency. We recommend going through the following process to select one:

• If your RDDs fit comfortably with the default storage level (MEMORY_ONLY), leave them that way. This is the most CPU-efficient option, allowing operations on the RDDs to run as fast as possible.

• If not, try using MEMORY_ONLY_SER and selecting a fast serialization library to make the objects much more space-efficient, but still reasonably fast to access. (Java and Scala)

• Don’t spill to disk unless the functions that computed your datasets are expensive, or they filter a large amount of the data. Otherwise, recomputing a partition may be as fast as reading it from disk.

• Use the replicated storage levels if you want fast fault recovery (e.g. if using Spark to serve requests from a web application). All the storage levels provide full fault tolerance by recomputing lost data, but the replicated ones let you continue running tasks on the RDD without waiting to recompute a lost partition.

代码调试 

创建CacheRDD对象，代码如下

package com.soft863

import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}

object CacheRDD {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[1]").setAppName("WC")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

    val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog", "Gnu", "Rat"), 2)
    println(rdd1.getStorageLevel)
    rdd1.cache()
    println(rdd1.getStorageLevel)
  }
}