代码随想录算法训练营第30天| 332.重新安排行程、51. N皇后、37. 解数独

• 今日学习的文章链接，或者视频链接

第七章 回溯算法part06

• 自己看到题目的第一想法

• 看完代码随想录之后的想法

332.重新安排行程

class Solution:
    def findItinerary(self, tickets: List[List[str]]) -> List[str]:
        # defaultdic(list) 是为了方便直接append
        tickets_dict = defaultdict(list)
        for item in tickets:
            tickets_dict[item[0]].append(item[1])
        # 给每一个机场的到达机场排序，小的在前面，在回溯里首先被pop(0）出去
        # 这样最先找的的path就是排序最小的答案，直接返回
        for airport in tickets_dict:
            tickets_dict[airport].sort()
        path = ["JFK"]
        def backtracking(start_point):
            # 终止条件
            if len(path) == len(tickets) + 1:
                return True
            for _ in tickets_dict[start_point]:
                #必须及时删除，避免出现死循环
                end_point = tickets_dict[start_point].pop(0)
                path.append(end_point)
                # 只要找到一个就可以返回了
                if backtracking(end_point):
                    return True
                path.pop()
                tickets_dict[start_point].append(end_point)

        backtracking("JFK")
        return path

51. N皇后

class Solution:
    def solveNQueens(self, n: int) -> List[List[str]]:
        if not n: return []
        board = [['.'] * n for _ in range(n)]
        res = []
        def isVaild(board,row, col):
            #判断同一列是否冲突
            for i in range(len(board)):
                if board[i][col] == 'Q':
                    return False
            # 判断左上角是否冲突
            i = row -1
            j = col -1
            while i>=0 and j>=0:
                if board[i][j] == 'Q':
                    return False
                i -= 1
                j -= 1
            # 判断右上角是否冲突
            i = row - 1
            j = col + 1
            while i>=0 and j < len(board):
                if board[i][j] == 'Q':
                    return False
                i -= 1
                j += 1
            return True

        def backtracking(board, row, n):
            # 如果走到最后一行，说明已经找到一个解
            if row == n:
                temp_res = []
                for temp in board:
                    temp_str = "".join(temp)
                    temp_res.append(temp_str)
                res.append(temp_res)
            for col in range(n):
                if not isVaild(board, row, col):
                    continue
                board[row][col] = 'Q'
                backtracking(board, row+1, n)
                board[row][col] = '.'
        backtracking(board, 0, n)
        return res

 37. 解数独 

class Solution:
    def solveSudoku(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.
        """
        self.backtracking(board)

    def backtracking(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> bool:
        # 若有解，返回True；若无解，返回False
        for i in range(len(board)): # 遍历行
            for j in range(len(board[0])):  # 遍历列
                # 若空格内已有数字，跳过
                if board[i][j] != '.': continue
                for k in range(1, 10):
                    if self.is_valid(i, j, k, board):
                        board[i][j] = str(k)
                        if self.backtracking(board): return True
                        board[i][j] = '.'
                # 若数字1-9都不能成功填入空格，返回False无解
                return False
        return True # 有解

    def is_valid(self, row: int, col: int, val: int, board: List[List[str]]) -> bool:
        # 判断同一行是否冲突
        for i in range(9):
            if board[row][i] == str(val):
                return False
        # 判断同一列是否冲突
        for j in range(9):
            if board[j][col] == str(val):
                return False
        # 判断同一九宫格是否有冲突
        start_row = (row // 3) * 3
        start_col = (col // 3) * 3
        for i in range(start_row, start_row + 3):
            for j in range(start_col, start_col + 3):
                if board[i][j] == str(val):
                    return False
        return True

 

• 自己实现过程中遇到哪些困难

• 今日收获，记录一下自己的学习时长

结束递归，训练营1/2