对象的浅层复制和深层复制

浅层复制：实现对象间数据元素的一一对应复制。

深层复制: 当被复制的对象数据成员是指针类型时，不是复制该指针成员本身，而是将指针所指对象进行复制。

//浅层复制

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;

class Point {

    public:
	    Point() : x(0), y(0) {
		    cout<<"Default Constructor called."<<endl;
	    }

	    Point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {
		    cout<< "Constructor called."<<endl;
	    }

	    ~Point() { cout<<"Destructor called."<<endl; }

	    int getX() const { return x; }
	    int getY() const { return y; }

	    void move(int newX, int newY) {
		    x = newX;
		    y = newY;
	    }
    private:
	    int x, y;
};

class ArrayOfPoints {

   public:
		ArrayOfPoints(int size) : size(size) {
			points = new Point[size];
		}
	
	    ~ArrayOfPoints() {
		    cout << "Deleting..." << endl;
		    delete[] points;     
	    }

	    //获得下标为index的数组元素
	    Point &element(int index) {
		    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);	//如果数组下标不会越界，程序中止
		    return points[index];
	    }
        private:
	        Point *points;	//指向动态数组首地址
	        int size;		//数组大小
};


int main() {
    int count;
    cout << "Please enter the count of points: ";
    cin >> count;

    ArrayOfPoints pointsArray1(count); //创建对象数组

    pointsArray1.element(0).move(5,10);

    pointsArray1.element(1).move(15,20);

    ArrayOfPoints pointsArray2(pointsArray1); //创建副本

    cout << "Copy of pointsArray1:" << endl;

    cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "

    << pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;

    cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
    
    << pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

    pointsArray1.element(0).move(25, 30);

    pointsArray1.element(1).move(35, 40);

    cout<<"After the moving of pointsArray1:"<<endl;

    cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
    
    << pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;

    cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "

    << pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

    return 0;

}

输出结果如下：

Default Constructor called.

Default Constructor called.

Copy of pointsArray1:

Point_0 of array2: 5, 10

Point_1 of array2: 15, 20

After the moving of pointsArray1:

Point_0 of array2: 25, 30

Point_1 of array2: 35, 40

Deleting...

Destructor called.

Destructor called.

Deleting...

接下来程序出现运行错误。因为浅层拷贝，都是指向同一个内存单元，不允许调用两次析构函数。

//深层复制

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;

class Point {

    public:
	    Point() : x(0), y(0) {
		    cout<<"Default Constructor called."<<endl;
	    }

	    Point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {
		    cout<< "Constructor called."<<endl;
	    }

	    ~Point() { cout<<"Destructor called."<<endl; }

	    int getX() const { return x; }
	    int getY() const { return y; }

	    void move(int newX, int newY) {
		    x = newX;
		    y = newY;
	    }
    private:
	    int x, y;
};

class ArrayOfPoints {

   public:
	    ArrayOfPoints(const ArrayOfPoints & pointsArray);

		ArrayOfPoints(int size) : size(size) {
			points = new Point[size];
		}
	
	    ~ArrayOfPoints() {
		    cout << "Deleting..." << endl;
		    delete[] points;     
	    }

	    //获得下标为index的数组元素
	    Point &element(int index) {
		    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);	//如果数组下标不会越界，程序中止
		    return points[index];
	    }
        private:
	        Point *points;	//指向动态数组首地址
	        int size;		//数组大小
};

//自定义复制构造函数
ArrayOfPoints::ArrayOfPoints(const ArrayOfPoints &v) {
	size = v.size;
	points = new Point[size];
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){
		points[i] = v.points[i];
	}
}

int main() {
    int count;
    cout << "Please enter the count of points: ";
    cin >> count;

    ArrayOfPoints pointsArray1(count); //创建对象数组

    pointsArray1.element(0).move(5,10);

    pointsArray1.element(1).move(15,20);

    ArrayOfPoints pointsArray2(pointsArray1); //创建副本

    cout << "Copy of pointsArray1:" << endl;

    cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "

    << pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;

    cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
    
    << pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

    pointsArray1.element(0).move(25, 30);

    pointsArray1.element(1).move(35, 40);

    cout<<"After the moving of pointsArray1:"<<endl;

    cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
    
    << pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;

    cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "

    << pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

    return 0;

}

输出结果为：

Please enter the count of points: Default Constructor called.
Default Constructor called.
Default Constructor called.
Default Constructor called.
Copy of pointsArray1:
Point_0 of array2: 5, 10
Point_1 of array2: 15, 20
After the moving of pointsArray1:
Point_0 of array2: 5, 10
Point_1 of array2: 15, 20
Deleting...
Destructor called.
Destructor called.
Deleting...
Destructor called.
Destructor called.