C++_浅层复制构造函数和深层复制构造函数

//***** 浅层复制构造函数 *****
class Person
{
public:
    Person(){};
    Person(Person &one)  // 自定义浅层复制构造函数，就是复制一个对象，说到底，就是复制传进来的对象的所有成员变量,实际上，系统的默认浅层复制构造函数也是类似这样的原理
    {
        height = one.height;  // 关键是在这里进行：指针复制
        weight = one.weight;
    }
    ~Person(){};
    void SetHeight(int h)
    {
        height = h;
    }
    int GetHeight()
    {
        return height;
    }
    void SetWeight(int w)
    {
        weight = w;
    }
    int GetWeight()
    {
        return weight;
    }
private:
    int height;
    int weight;
};

//***** 浅层复制构造函数原理 *****
void test1()
{
    Person a;
    std::cout << "构造一个类Person的对象a" << std::endl;
    a.SetHeight(180);
    a.SetWeight(130);
    std::cout << "a的身高:" << a.GetHeight() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a的体重:" << a.GetWeight() << std::endl;

    std::cout << "********************" << std::endl;

    std::cout << "复制一个类Person的对象b" << std::endl;
    Person b(a); // 声明一个类Person的对象b,把上面定义的对象a传进去，这样就会调用复制构造函数,这样也叫浅层复制构造函数
    std::cout << "b的身高:" << b.GetHeight() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的体重:" << b.GetWeight() << std::endl;

    /*
    复制构造函数工作原理详细讲解:
    首先将对象a作为参数传递到复制构造函数中，然后将对象a的指针成员变量height和weight都复制到对象b中
    这样，两个对象的指针height和weight都指向同一内存区域。
    */
}

//***** 深层复制构造函数 *****
class Cube
{
public:
    Cube()
    {
        width = new int;
        height = new int;
    }
    ~Cube()
    {
        delete(width);
        delete(height);
        width = NULL;
        height = NULL;
    }
    Cube(const Cube &cube)  // 自定义深层复制构造函数
    {
        std::cout << "深层复制构造函数" << std::endl;
        width = new int;
        height = new int;
        *width = *(cube.width);
        *height = *(cube.height);
    }
    void SetWidth(int w)
    {
        *width = w;
    }
    int GetWidth()
    {
        return *width;
    }
    void SetHeight(int h)
    {
        *height = h;
    }
    int GetHeight()
    {
        return *height;
    }
private:
    int *width;
    int *height;
};

//***** 深层复制构造函数原理 *****
void test2()
{
    Cube a;
    a.SetWidth(10);
    a.SetHeight(20);
    std::cout << "a的宽度:" << a.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a的高度:" << a.GetHeight() << std::endl;

    Cube b(a);
    std::cout << "b的宽度:" << b.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的高度:" << b.GetHeight() << std::endl;

    std::cout << "修改a的成员变量" << std::endl;
    a.SetWidth(15);
    a.SetHeight(25);
    std::cout << "a的宽度:" << a.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a的高度:" << a.GetHeight() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的宽度:" << b.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的高度:" << b.GetHeight() << std::endl;

    std::cout << "修改b的成员变量" << std::endl;
    b.SetWidth(20);
    b.SetHeight(30);
    std::cout << "a的宽度:" << a.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a的高度:" << a.GetHeight() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的宽度:" << b.GetWidth() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b的高度:" << b.GetHeight() << std::endl;

    /*
    注意：不管是浅层复制，还是深层复制，必须是用已有对象创建新对象才会调用复制构造函数，要不然调用的是赋值运算符函数
    */
}