JVM内存分析工具——HProf

HProf是JDK自带一个简单的性能分析工具。它是一个动态链接库文件，监控CPU的1使用率、内存堆栈分配情况等。使用命令行格式为：

java -Xrunhprof ToBeProfiledClass

HProf常被用于内存使用情况分析。有两种分析方法：内存分配历史的跟踪记录（dump）和将占用内存的对象进行排序（sites）。命令行如下
java -Xrunhprof:heap=all|dump|sites ToBeProfiledClass

构造如下代码：

import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.ref.PhantomReference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class TestReferences 
{ 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        int length=10;

        //创建length个MyObject对象的强引用
        Set<MyObject> a = new HashSet<MyObject>();
        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) 
        {
            MyObject ref=new MyObject("Hard_" + i);
            System.out.println("创建强引用：" +ref);
            a.add(ref);
        }
        //a=null;
        System.gc();

        //创建length个MyObject对象的软引用
        Set<SoftReference<MyObject>> sa = new HashSet<SoftReference<MyObject>>();
        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) 
        {
            SoftReference<MyObject> ref=new SoftReference<MyObject>(new MyObject("Soft_" + i));
            System.out.println("创建软引用：" +ref.get());
            sa.add(ref);
        }
        System.gc();

        //创建length个MyObject对象的弱引用
        Set<WeakReference<MyObject>> wa = new HashSet<WeakReference<MyObject>>();
        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) 
        {
            WeakReference<MyObject> ref=new WeakReference<MyObject>(new MyObject("Weak_" + i));
            System.out.println("创建弱引用：" +ref.get());
            wa.add(ref); 
        }
        System.gc();

        //创建length个MyObject对象的虚引用
        ReferenceQueue<MyObject> rq = new ReferenceQueue<MyObject>();
        Set<PhantomReference<MyObject>> pa = new HashSet<PhantomReference<MyObject>>();
        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) 
        {
            PhantomReference<MyObject> ref = new PhantomReference<MyObject>(new MyObject("Phantom_" + i), rq);
            System.out.println("创建虚引用：" +ref.get());
            pa.add(ref);
        }
        System.gc();
    }
}

将应用程序中创建的对象按照内存大小进行排序
java -Xrunhprof:heap=sites TestReferences

运行的截图如下

执行之后将在当前目录下生成java.hprof.txt
摘录如下
SITES BEGIN (ordered by live bytes) Wed Dec 20 00:53:56 2017
percent live alloc’ed stack class
rank self accum bytes objs bytes objs trace name
1 1.25% 1.25% 3952 46 3952 46 300078 char[]
2 0.78% 2.03% 2464 77 2464 77 300080 java.util.HashMap$Node 3 0.63% 2.66% 1984 14 1984 14 300184 char[] 4 0.62% 3.28% 1944 13 1944 13 300198 char[] 5 0.60% 3.88% 1904 46 1904 46 300076 char[] 6 0.60% 4.48% 1880 5 1880 5 300001 java.lang.Thread 7 0.57% 5.05% 1800 45 1800 45 300095 java.util.TreeMap$Entry
8 0.41% 5.46% 1296 3 1296 3 300000 java.lang.Thread
9 0.41% 5.86% 1280 32 1880 47 300133 java.lang.ref.Finalizer
10 0.35% 6.21% 1104 46 1104 46 300075 java.lang.String
11 0.35% 6.56% 1104 46 1104 46 300077 java.lang.String
12 0.33% 6.89% 1040 1 1040 1 300020 java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle[]
…………………………………
639 0.01% 99.52% 32 1 32 1 300281 java.lang.ref.WeakReference
640 0.01% 99.53% 32 1 32 1 300215 java.lang.ThreadLocal$ThreadLocalMap$Entry
SITES END