第2章 用户、文件操作与联机帮助：编写who命令

/* 

 * who1.c - a first version of the who program
 *      open, read UTMP file, and show results
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define SHOWHOST            /* include remote machine on output */

/*
 * show_info()
 * displays contents of the utmp struct in human readable form
 * *note* these sizes should not be hardwired
 */
show_info(struct utmp *utbufp)
{
    if (utbufp->ut_type != USER_PROCESS)    /* users only */
        return ;
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);    /* the logname */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);    /* the tty */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    printf("% 10ld", utbufp->ut_time);  /* login time */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
#ifdef SHOWHOST
    printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);        /* the host */
#endif
    printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
    struct utmp current_record;     /* read info into here */
    int         utmpfd;         /* read from this descriptor */
    int         reclen = sizeof(current_record);

    if ((utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
        perror(UTMP_FILE);  /* UTMP_FILE is in utmp.h */
        exit(1);
    }

    while (read(utmpfd, &current_record, reclen) == reclen)
        show_info(&current_record);
    close(utmpfd);
    return 0;       /* went ok */
}    

/* 
 * who2.c - read /etc/run/utmp and list info therein
 *    - suppresses empty records
 *    - formats time nicely
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>

/* #define SHOWHOST */          /* include remote machine on output */

void showtime(long);
void show_info(struct utmp *);

int main()
{
    struct utmp utbuf;          /* read info into here */
    int         utmpfd;         /* read from this descriptor */
    int         reclen = sizeof(utbuf);

    if ((utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
        perror(UTMP_FILE);  /* UTMP_FILE is in utmp.h */
        exit(1);
    }

    while (read(utmpfd, &utbuf, reclen) == reclen)
        show_info(&utbuf);
    close(utmpfd);
    return 0;       /* went ok */
} 


/*
 * show_info()
 * displays the contents of the utmp struct
 * in human readable form
 * * displays nothing if record has no user name
 */
show_info(struct utmp *utbufp)
{
    if (utbufp->ut_type != USER_PROCESS)    /* users only */
        return ;
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);    /* the logname */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);    /* the tty */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    showtime(utbufp->ut_time);  /* display time */
#ifdef SHOWHOST
    if (utbuf->ut_host[0] != '\0')
        printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);        /* the host */
#endif
    printf("\n");
}

void showtime(long timeval)
    /*
     * displays time in a format fit for human consumption
     * uses ctime to build a string then picks parts out of it
     * Note: %12.12s prints a string 12 chars wide an LIMITS
     * it to 12chara.
     */
{
    char *cp;   /* to hold address of time */
    cp = ctime(&timeval);   /* convert time to string */
    /* string looks like */
    /* Mon Feb 4 00:46:40 EST 1991 */
    /* 012345678912345. */
    printf("% 12.12s", cp + 4); /* pick 12 chars from pos 4 */
}

/* 
 * who3.c - who with buffered reads
 *    - suppresses empty records
 *    - formats time nicely
 *    - buffers input (using utmplib)
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>

#define SHOWHOST            /* include remote machine on output */

void showtime(long);
void show_info(struct utmp *);

int main()
{
    struct utmp *utbufp,            /* holds pointer to next rec */
            *utmp_next();           /* returns pointer to next */

    if (utmp_open(UTMP_FILE) == -1) {
        perror(UTMP_FILE);  /* UTMP_FILE is in utmp.h */
        exit(1);
    }

    while ((utbufp = utmp_next()) != ((struct utmp *)NULL))
        show_info(&utbufp);
    utmp_close();
    return 0;       /* went ok */
} 


/*
 * show_info()
 * displays the contents of the utmp struct
 * in human readable form
 * * displays nothing if record has no user name
 */
show_info(struct utmp *utbufp)
{
    if (utbufp->ut_type != USER_PROCESS)    /* users only */
        return ;
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);    /* the logname */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    printf("% - 8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);    /* the tty */
    printf(" ");                /* a space */
    showtime(utbufp->ut_time);  /* display time */
#ifdef SHOWHOST
    if (utbuf->ut_host[0] != '\0')
        printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);        /* the host */
#endif
    printf("\n");
}

void showtime(long timeval)
    /*
     * displays time in a format fit for human consumption
     * uses ctime to build a string then picks parts out of it
     * Note: %12.12s prints a string 12 chars wide an LIMITS
     * it to 12chara.
     */
{
    char *cp;   /* to hold address of time */
    cp = ctime(&timeval);   /* convert time to string */
    /* string looks like */
    /* Mon Feb 4 00:46:40 EST 1991 */
    /* 012345678912345. */
    printf("% 12.12s", cp + 4); /* pick 12 chars from pos 4 */
}

/*
 * cp1.c
 * version 1 of cp - uses read and write with tunable buffer size
 *
 * usage: cp1 src dest
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUFFERSIZE  4096
#define COPYMODE    0644

void oops(char *, char *);

main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    int     in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;
    char    buf[BUFFERSIZE];

    /* check args */
    if (ac != 3)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination\n", *av);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* open files */
    if ((in_fd = open(av[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot open ", av[1]);

    if ((out_fd = creat(av[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot creat", av[2]);

    /* copy files */
    while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
        if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
            oops("Write error to ", av[2]);
    if (n_chars == -1)
        oops("Read error from ", av[1]);

    /* close files */
    if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
        oops("Error closing files", "");
}

void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
    perror(s2);
    exit(1);
}