多线程

例 18.4

 

import threading

from time import sleep,ctime

 

loops = [4,2]

 

def loop(nloop,nsec):

print ('start loop', nloop, 'at:',ctime())

sleep(nsec)

print ('loop', nloop, 'done at:',ctime())

 

 

def main():

print ('starting at:', ctime())

threads = []

nloops = range(len(loops))

 

for i in nloops:

t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i,loops[i]))

threads.append(t)

 

for i in nloops: # starting threads

threads[i].start()

 

for i in nloops: # wait for all

threads[i].join() # threads to finish

print ('all done at:', ctime())

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

 

结果：

starting at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:41 2018

start loop 0 at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:41 2018

start loop 1 at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:41 2018

loop 1 done at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:43 2018

loop 0 done at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:45 2018

all done at: Fri Oct 5 17:33:45 2018

 

例18.5

# 例18.5

 

import threading

from time import sleep,ctime

 

class ThreadFunc(object):

 

def __init__(self,func,args,name=' '):

self.name=name

self.func=func

self.args=args

 

def __call__(self):

# apply(self.func,self.args) # P2,但是P3不再支持apply函数

self.func(*self.args)

loops = [4,2]

 

def loop(nloop,nsec):

print ('start loop', nloop, 'at:',ctime())

sleep(nsec)

print ('loop', nloop, 'done at:',ctime())

 

 

def main():

print ('starting at:', ctime())

threads = []

nloops = range(len(loops))

 

# create all threads

for i in nloops:

t = threading.Thread(target=ThreadFunc(loop, (i,loops[i]),loop.__name__)) #

threads.append(t)

 

for i in nloops: # starting threads

threads[i].start()

 

for i in nloops: # wait for completion

threads[i].join()

print ('all done at:', ctime())

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

 

结果：

starting at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:01 2018

start loop 0 at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:01 2018

start loop 1 at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:01 2018

loop 1 done at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:03 2018

loop 0 done at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:05 2018

all done at: Fri Oct 5 17:48:05 2018

 

18.5.2 斐波那契、阶乘和累加和

 

# 例18.6

import threading

from time import sleep, ctime

 

loops = (4,2)

# 子类化Thread类，而不是创建它的实例，好处：更灵活地定制我们的线程对象

class MyThread(threading.Thread):

def __init__(self,func,args,name=' '):

threading.Thread.__init__(self)

self.name=name

self.func=func

self.args=args

 

def run(self):

self.func(*self.args)

 

def loop(nloop,nsec):

print ('start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime)

sleep(nsec)

print ('loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime)

 

def main():

print ('starting at:',ctime())

threads=[]

nloops=range(len(loops))

 

for i in nloops:

t = MyThread(loop, (i,loops[i]), loop.__name__)

threads.append(t)

 

for i in nloops:

threads[i].start()

 

for i in nloops:

threads[i].join()

 

print ('all done at:',ctime())

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

结果：

starting at: Fri Oct 5 18:01:14 2018

start loop 0 at: <built-in function ctime>

start loop 1 at: <built-in function ctime>

loop 1 done at: <built-in function ctime>

loop 0 done at: <built-in function ctime>

all done at: Fri Oct 5 18:01:18 2018

 

 

# 例18.7 MyThread子类化Thread (myThread.py)

# 把子类单独放在一个模块中，并加上一个getResult()函数用以返回函数的运行结果

# 让MyThread类尽可能地通用(同时适应有输出和没输出的函数),等到要结束时才会调用getResult()函数，并在最后显示每个函数的结果

 

 

import threading

from time import ctime,sleep

 

class MyThread(threading.Thread):

def __init__(self,func,args,name=' '):

threading.Thread.__init__(self)

self.name=name

self.func=func

self.args=args

 

def getResult(self):

return self.res

 

def run(self):

print ('starting', self.name, 'at:', ctime())

self.res = self.func(*self.args)

print (self.name, 'finished at:', ctime())

 

# 18.8

from myThread import MyThread

from time import ctime，sleep

 

def fib(x):

sleep(0.005)

if x < 2: return 1

return (fib(x-2)+fib(x-1))

 

def fac(x):

sleep(0.1)

if x < 2: return 1

return (x * fac(x-1))

 

def sum(x):

sleep(0.1)

if x < 2: return 1

return (x + sum(x-1))

 

funcs = (fib,fac,sum)

n = 12

 

def main():

nfuncs = range(len(funcs))

 

print ('*** SINGLE THREAD')

for i in nfuncs:

print ('starting', funcs[i].__name__, 'at:', ctime())

print (funcs[i](n))

print (funcs[i].__name__, 'finished at:', ctime())

 

print ('\n*** MULTIPLE THREADS')

threads = []

for i in nfuncs:

t = MyThread(funcs[i], (n,), funcs[i].__name__)

threads.append(t)

 

for i in nfuncs:

threads[i].start()

 

for i in nfuncs:

threads[i].join()

print (threads[i].getResult())

 

print ('all DONE')

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

 

结果：

*** SINGLE THREAD

starting fib at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:29 2018

233

fib finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:32 2018

starting fac at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:32 2018

479001600

fac finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:33 2018

starting sum at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:33 2018

78

sum finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:34 2018

 

*** MULTIPLE THREADS

starting fib at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:34 2018

starting fac at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:34 2018

starting sum at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:34 2018

fac finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:35 2018

sum finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:35 2018

fib finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:15:37 2018

233

479001600

78

all DONE

 

 

18.5.4 生产者-消费者问题和Queue模块

 

# python3是queue，Python2是Queue

 

from random import randint

from time import ctime,sleep

from queue import Queue # python3是queue，Python2是Queue

from myThread import MyThread # 18.7

from time import ctime，sleep

def writeQ(queue):

print ('producing object for Q...', queue.put('xxx',1))

print ('size now', queue.qsize())

 

def readQ(queue):

val = queue.get(1)

print ('consumed object from Q... size now', queue.qsize())

 

def writer(queue, loops):

for i in range(loops):

writeQ(queue)

sleep(randint(1,3))

 

def reader(queue, loops):

for i in range(loops):

readQ(queue)

sleep(randint(2,5))

 

funcs = [writer, reader]

nfuncs = range(len(funcs))

 

def main():

nloops = randint(2,5)

q = Queue(32)

 

threads=[]

for i in nfuncs:

t = MyThread(funcs[i], (q,nloops), funcs[i].__name__)

threads.append(t)

 

for i in nfuncs:

threads[i].start()

 

for i in nfuncs:

threads[i].join()

 

print ('all DONE')

 

if __name__=='__main__':

main()

 

结果:

starting writer at: Fri Oct 5 21:32:53 2018

producing object for Q... None

size now 1

starting reader at: Fri Oct 5 21:32:53 2018

consumed object from Q... size now 0

producing object for Q... None

size now 1

consumed object from Q... size now 0

producing object for Q... None

size now 1

producing object for Q... None

consumed object from Q... size now 1

size now 1

consumed object from Q... size now 0

writer finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:33:04 2018

reader finished at: Fri Oct 5 21:33:08 2018

all DONE

 

starting writer at: Fri Oct 5 22:33:21 2018

producing object for Q... None

size now 1

starting reader at: Fri Oct 5 22:33:21 2018

consumed object from Q... size now 0

producing object for Q... None

size now 1

producing object for Q... None

size now 2

consumed object from Q... size now 1

writer finished at: Fri Oct 5 22:33:27 2018

consumed object from Q... size now 0

reader finished at: Fri Oct 5 22:33:33 2018

all DONE