Lua：ipairs/pairs

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-28 17:24:35 发布

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分类专栏： Lua 文章标签： lua paits ipairs table 迭代

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Lua：ipairs/pairs

Lua中有两个很类似的函数：ipairs以及pairs。

实验环境：

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-371.el5 #1 SMP Thu Sep 5 21:21:44 EDT 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua -v
Lua 5.3.4  Copyright (C) 1994-2017 Lua.org, PUC-Rio

pairs(t)

sample 1:

test.lua:

t = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua 
key is 1
value is a
key is 2
value is b
key is 3
value is c
key is 4
value is d
key is 5
value is e
key is 6
value is f

上面的输出可以证明：

1.在Lua中ipairs是从下标1开始的，并不是从0开始；

2.就如同我们例子中的变量名，k以及v，就是key以及value，每次都会返回两个值赋给k以及v，然后可以在loop-body部分使用。

sample 2:

test.lua:

t = {
    "a", "b", "c";
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua
key is 1
value is a
key is 2
value is b
key is 3
value is c

前三个还是正常迭代的，第四个出问题了。

因为ipairs总是从1开始进行迭代：

如果t[n]的值不是nil，那么就可以进入循环==》

if (t[1] ~= nil) then
    do loop-body
if (t[2] ~= nil) then
    do loop-body
if (t[3] ~= nil) then
    do loop-body
...

当发现t[n]值是nil时则直接退出循环。

思考下面的代码输出什么：

sample 3:

test.lua:

t = {
    zero = "this is zero",
    "a", "b", "c";
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua 
key is 1
value is a
key is 2
value is b
key is 3
value is c

千万不要以为将一个key-value放置在table靠前处就可以阻挡ipairs…

记住，无论table是啥，ipairs总是尝试从1开始索引，判断是否是nil，不是nil则进入loop-body，是nil则退出，依次类推。

sample 4:

test.lua:

t = {
    zero = "this is zero",
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

t[1] = "a"
t[2] = "b"
t[3] = "c"

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

其实这里的修改是与sample 3等价的，输出如下：

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua 
key is 1
value is a
key is 2
value is b
key is 3
value is c

假若：

sample 5:

test.lua:

t = {
    zero = "this is zero",
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

t[1] = nil
t[2] = "b"
t[3] = "c"

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

输出将会是什么？

Answer is:啥也不输出。

sample 6:

test.lua:

t = {
    zero = "this is zero",
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

t[1] = "a"
t[2] = nil
t[3] = "c"

for k, v in ipairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

输出是啥？

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua 
key is 1
value is a

回想我们刚刚的过程：

先判断t[1]是不是nil，发现不是，那么就进入loop-body；
在判断t[2]是不是nil，发现是，那么就退出…

由以上的ipairs引出一个问题，如何迭代一个既有数组类型，又有记录风格（就是key-value风格）的table呢？

下面就轮到pairs出场了。

pairs(t)

sample 7:

test.lua:

t = {
    zero = "this is zero",
    one = "d", two = "e", three = "f";
}

t[1] = "a"
t[2] = nil
t[3] = "c"

for k, v in pairs(t) do
    print("key is " .. k)
    print("value is " .. v)
end

[test1280@localhost 20170531]$ lua test.lua 
key is 1
value is a
key is one
value is d
key is 3
value is c
key is three
value is f
key is two
value is e
key is zero
value is this is zero