建筑者模式

definition

定义

Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.

UML class diagram

 

participants

参与者

    The classes and/or objects participating in this pattern are:

• Builder  (VehicleBuilder)
  • specifies an abstract interface for creating parts of a Product object
• ConcreteBuilder  (MotorCycleBuilder, CarBuilder, ScooterBuilder)
  • constructs and assembles parts of the product by implementing the Builder interface
  • defines and keeps track of the representation it creates
  • provides an interface for retrieving the product
• Director  (Shop)
  • constructs an object using the Builder interface
• Product  (Vehicle)
  • represents the complex object under construction. ConcreteBuilder builds the product's internal representation and defines the process by which it's assembled
  • includes classes that define the constituent parts, including interfaces for assembling the parts into the final result

sample code in C#

简单代码（C#）

This structural code demonstrates the Builder pattern in which complex objects are created in a step-by-step fashion. The construction process can create different object representations and provides a high level of control over the assembly of the objects.

// Builder pattern -- Structural example

using System; using System.Collections; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Builder.Structural {    // MainApp test application    public class MainApp   {      public static void Main()     {        // Create director and builders       Director director = new Director();       Builder b1 = new ConcreteBuilder1();       Builder b2 = new ConcreteBuilder2();        // Construct two products       director.Construct(b1);       Product p1 = b1.GetResult();       p1.Show();       director.Construct(b2);       Product p2 = b2.GetResult();       p2.Show();        // Wait for user       Console.Read();     }   }    // "Director"    class Director   {      // Builder uses a complex series of steps      public void Construct(Builder builder)     {       builder.BuildPartA();       builder.BuildPartB();     }   }    // "Builder"    abstract class Builder   {      public abstract void BuildPartA();      public abstract void BuildPartB();      public abstract Product GetResult();   }    // "ConcreteBuilder1"    class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder   {      private Product product = new Product();      public override void BuildPartA()     {       product.Add("PartA");     }      public override void BuildPartB()     {       product.Add("PartB");     }      public override Product GetResult()     {        return product;     }   }    // "ConcreteBuilder2"    class ConcreteBuilder2 : Builder   {      private Product product = new Product();      public override void BuildPartA()     {       product.Add("PartX");     }      public override void BuildPartB()     {       product.Add("PartY");     }      public override Product GetResult()     {        return product;     }   }    // "Product"    class Product   {     ArrayList parts = new ArrayList();      public void Add( string part)     {       parts.Add(part);     }      public void Show()     {       Console.WriteLine("/nProduct Parts -------");        foreach ( string part in parts)         Console.WriteLine(part);     }   } }

实际用例

This real-world code demonstates the Builder pattern in which different vehicles are assembled in a step-by-step fashion. The Shop uses VehicleBuilders to construct a variety of Vehicles in a series of sequential steps.

// Builder pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Builder.RealWorld {    // MainApp test application    public class MainApp   {      public static void Main()     {        // Create shop with vehicle builders       Shop shop = new Shop();       VehicleBuilder b1 = new ScooterBuilder();       VehicleBuilder b2 = new CarBuilder();       VehicleBuilder b3 = new MotorCycleBuilder();        // Construct and display vehicles       shop.Construct(b1);       b1.Vehicle.Show();       shop.Construct(b2);       b2.Vehicle.Show();       shop.Construct(b3);       b3.Vehicle.Show();        // Wait for user       Console.Read();     }   }    // "Director"    class Shop   {      // Builder uses a complex series of steps      public void Construct(VehicleBuilder vehicleBuilder)     {       vehicleBuilder.BuildFrame();       vehicleBuilder.BuildEngine();       vehicleBuilder.BuildWheels();       vehicleBuilder.BuildDoors();     }   }    // "Builder"    abstract class VehicleBuilder   {      protected Vehicle vehicle;      // Property      public Vehicle Vehicle     {        get{ return vehicle; }     }      public abstract void BuildFrame();      public abstract void BuildEngine();      public abstract void BuildWheels();      public abstract void BuildDoors();   }    // "ConcreteBuilder1"    class MotorCycleBuilder : VehicleBuilder   {      public override void BuildFrame()     {       vehicle = new Vehicle("MotorCycle");       vehicle["frame"] = "MotorCycle Frame";     }      public override void BuildEngine()     {       vehicle["engine"] = "500 cc";     }      public override void BuildWheels()     {       vehicle["wheels"] = "2";     }      public override void BuildDoors()     {       vehicle["doors"] = "0";     }   }    // "ConcreteBuilder2"    class CarBuilder : VehicleBuilder   {      public override void BuildFrame()     {       vehicle = new Vehicle("Car");       vehicle["frame"] = "Car Frame";     }      public override void BuildEngine()     {       vehicle["engine"] = "2500 cc";     }      public override void BuildWheels()     {       vehicle["wheels"] = "4";     }      public override void BuildDoors()     {       vehicle["doors"] = "4";     }   }    // "ConcreteBuilder3"    class ScooterBuilder : VehicleBuilder   {      public override void BuildFrame()     {       vehicle = new Vehicle("Scooter");       vehicle["frame"] = "Scooter Frame";     }      public override void BuildEngine()     {       vehicle["engine"] = "50 cc";     }      public override void BuildWheels()     {       vehicle["wheels"] = "2";     }      public override void BuildDoors()     {       vehicle["doors"] = "0";     }   }    // "Product"    class Vehicle   {      private string type;      private Hashtable parts = new Hashtable();      // Constructor      public Vehicle( string type)     {        this.type = type;     }      // Indexer (i.e. smart array)      public object this[ string key]     {        get{ return parts[key]; }        set{ parts[key] = value; }     }      public void Show()     {       Console.WriteLine("/n---------------------------");       Console.WriteLine("Vehicle Type: {0}", type);       Console.WriteLine(" Frame : {0}", parts["frame"]);       Console.WriteLine(" Engine : {0}", parts["engine"]);       Console.WriteLine(" #Wheels: {0}", parts["wheels"]);       Console.WriteLine(" #Doors : {0}", parts["doors"]);     }   } }