在编程的过程中,经常遇到变量类型转换问题,在此小结一下:
包含char*与string、wstring,CString之间的转换;
char*、string与int、float、double之间的转换;
以下程序的头文件
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
(1)char* char[] 到string的转换:
//char* to string
int CP1()
{
char *p = "abcd";
char t[] = "abcde";
string test;
test = p;
cout << test << endl;
cout << test.length() << endl;
test = t;
cout << test << endl;
cout << test.length() << endl;
return 0;
}
(2)string 到 char * 的转换:
//string to char*
int CP2()
{
string test = "abc";
char t[10];
strcpy(t, test.c_str());
cout << t << endl;
cout << strlen(t) << endl;
char *te;
int number = test.length();
te = new char[number + 1];
cout << number << endl;
/*test.copy(te, number, 0);
*(te+number) = '0';
cout << te << endl;*/
strcpy(te, test.c_str());
cout << te << endl;
cout << strlen(te) << endl;
delete[] te;
return 0;
}
(3)string到const char* 的转换:
//string to const char*
int CP3()
{
const char* c;
string test = "1234";
c = test.c_str();
cout << c << endl;
const char* t;
t = test.data();
cout << t << endl;
return 0;
}
(4)int 到 string的转换:
//int to string
int CP4()
{
int nt = 30;
char c[30];
//using C template to trans from int to string
itoa(nt, c, 10);//参数3为进制,以几进制转换为 char
cout << c << endl;
cout << strlen(c) << endl;
//using stringstream to trans from int to string
stringstream test;
test << nt;
string stest = test.str();
cout << stest << endl;
cout << stest.length() << endl;
//using to_string to trans from int to string as the same double and float
string str= to_string(nt);
cout << str << endl;
cout << str.length() << endl;
return 0;
}
(5)string到int的转换:
//string to int
int CP5()
{
string test = "17";
char* t;
int nt = static_cast<int>(strtol(test.c_str(), &t, 10));//10 表示转换进制
cout << nt << endl;
int nte;
sscanf(test.c_str(), "%d", &nte);//%d 表示十进制
cout << nte << endl;
//using stringstream to trans from string to int
stringstream stest;
stest << test;
int ntes;
stest >> ntes;
cout << ntes << endl;
//using C template to trans from string to int
int ntest = atoi(test.c_str());
cout << ntest << endl;
//using C++ template to trans from string to int
int nnt;
nnt = stoi(test.c_str());
cout << nnt << endl;
return 0;
}
(6)string 到 double的转换:
//string to double
int CP6()
{
string test = "17.101";
//using C template to trans from doubel to string
double t = atof(test.c_str());
cout << t << endl;
return 0;
}
数值类型到string的转换可以有以下几种方式:
(1)使用函数模板+stringstream
int型转string型
void int2str(const int &int_temp,string &string_temp)
{
stringstream stream;
stream<<int_temp;
string_temp=stream.str(); //此处也可以用 stream>>string_temp
}
string型转int型
void str2int(int &int_temp,const string &string_temp)
{
stringstream stream(string_temp);
stream>>int_temp;
}
(2)使用标准库函数std::to_string:
string to_string (int val);
string to_string (long val);
string to_string (long long val);
string to_string (unsigned val);
string to_string (unsigned long val);
string to_string (unsigned long long val);
string to_string (float val);
string to_string (double val);
string to_string (long double val);
(3)使用C标准库函数:
atoi(str.c_str());
strtoul(str.c_str(), NULL, 10);
atof(str.c_str());
(4)使用C++标准库函数:
stoi()
在调用windowAPI函数的时候经常会遇到char与wchar的问题,在此贴出两者之间的转换函数:
(1)string to WString
BOOL StringToWString(const std::string &str,std::wstring &wstr)
{
int nLen = (int)str.length();
wstr.resize(nLen,L' ');
int nResult = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,(LPCSTR)str.c_str(),nLen,(LPWSTR)wstr.c_str(),nLen);
if (nResult == 0)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
(2)WString to string
BOOL WStringToString(const std::wstring &wstr,std::string &str)
{
int nLen = (int)wstr.length();
str.resize(nLen,' ');
int nResult = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP,0,(LPCWSTR)wstr.c_str(),nLen,(LPSTR)str.c_str(),nLen,NULL,NULL);
if (nResult == 0)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
(3)String to Wstring
std::wstring StringToWString(const std::string &str)
{
std::wstring wstr(str.length(),L' ');
std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), wstr.begin());
return wstr;
}
(4) Wstring to string
std::string WStringToString(const std::wstring &wstr)
{
std::string str(wstr.length(), ' ');
std::copy(wstr.begin(), wstr.end(), str.begin());
return str;
}
CString to string
string = CStringA(CString)
APPENDED
利用ATL进行char*与wchar*(char*与CString)之间的转换
需要包含宏
USES_CONVERSION;
CString到char*
利用函数T2A(CString);
char*到CString
使用函数A2T(char*);