类介绍:
此头声明了一组函数和宏,用于访问浮点环境以及特定类型。浮点环境维护一系列状态标志和特定控制模式。 具体关于浮点环境的内容取决于实现,但状态标志通常包括浮点异常及其相关信息,并且控制模式至少包括舍入方向。
1.feclearexcept 函数
int feclearexcept (int excepts);
函数介绍:尝试清除excepts(异常)指定的浮点异常。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
macro value | description |
---|---|
FE_DIVBYZERO | Pole error: division by zero, or some other asymptotically infinite result (from finite arguments). |
FE_INEXACT | Inexact: the result is not exact. |
FE_INVALID | Domain error: At least one of the arguments is a value for which the function is not defined. |
FE_OVERFLOW | Overflow range error: The result is too large in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_UNDERFLOW | Underflow range error: The result is too small in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
返回值:如果异常中的所有异常都已成功清除(或者异常为零),则为零。否则,返回一个非零值。
/* feclearexcept, fetestexcept example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <math.h> /* sqrt */
#include <fenv.h> /* feclearexcept, fetestexcept, FE_ALL_EXCEPT, FE_INVALID */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
int main ()
{
feclearexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
sqrt(-1);
if (fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) printf ("sqrt(-1) raises FE_INVALID\n");
return 0;
}
output:
sqrt(-1) raises FE_INVALID
2. feraiseexcept 函数
int feraiseexcept (int excepts);
函数介绍:尝试提高例外指定的浮点异常。如果指定了多个异常,则不指定引发它们的顺序。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
macro value | description |
---|---|
FE_DIVBYZERO | Pole error: division by zero, or some other asymptotically infinite result (from finite arguments). |
FE_INEXACT | Inexact: the result is not exact. |
FE_INVALID | Domain error: At least one of the arguments is a value for which the function is not defined. |
FE_OVERFLOW | Overflow range error: The result is too large in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_UNDERFLOW | Underflow range error: The result is too small in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_ALL_EXCEPT | All exceptions (selects all of the exceptions supported by the implementation). |
返回值:返回 零 ,如果异常中的所有异常都成功抛出(或者异常为零)。否则,返回一个非零值。
/* feraiseexcept example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <fenv.h> /* feraiseexcept, fetestexcept, FE_ALL_EXCEPT, FE_INVALID */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
double fn (double x)
{ /* some function for which zero is a domain error */
if (x==0.0)
feraiseexcept(FE_INVALID);
return x;
}
int main ()
{
feclearexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
fn (0.0);
if (fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
printf ("FE_INVALID raised\n");
return 0;
}
output:
FE_INVALID raised
3. fegetexceptflag 函数
int fegetexceptflag (fexcept_t* flagp, int excepts);
函数介绍:试图将excepts指定的浮点异常的表示存储到由flagp指向的fexcept_t对象中。
参数:
fexcept_t* flagp:指向存储表示的fexcept_t对象的指针。
int excepts:
FE_DIVBYZERO | Pole error: division by zero, or some other asymptotically infinite result (from finite arguments). |
FE_INEXACT | Inexact: the result is not exact. |
FE_INVALID | Domain error: At least one of the arguments is a value for which the function is not defined. |
FE_OVERFLOW | Overflow range error: The result is too large in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_UNDERFLOW | Underflow range error: The result is too small in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_ALL_EXCEPT | All exceptions (selects all of the exceptions supported by the implementation). |
返回值:如果表示已成功存储,则为零。否则,返回非零值。
4. fesetexceptflag 函数
int fesetexceptflag (const fexcept_t* flagp, int excepts);
函数介绍:试图用存储在由flagp指向的对象中的状态来设置异常。
参数:
const fexcept_t* flagp:指向fexcept_t对象的指针,该对象具有浮点异常的表示。通过调用fegetexceptflag(至少由excepts指定的异常),可以预先设置flagp所指向的值。
int excepts:
FE_DIVBYZERO | Pole error: division by zero, or some other asymptotically infinite result (from finite arguments). |
FE_INEXACT | Inexact: the result is not exact. |
FE_INVALID | Domain error: At least one of the arguments is a value for which the function is not defined. |
FE_OVERFLOW | Overflow range error: The result is too large in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_UNDERFLOW | Underflow range error: The result is too small in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_ALL_EXCEPT | All exceptions (selects all of the exceptions supported by the implementation). |
返回值:返回 0,如果函数成功设置了(或者异常为0)中的标志。否则,返回非零值。
5. fegetround 函数
int fegetround (void);
函数介绍:返回一个值,该值指示舍入方向模式,如当前浮点环境中指定的那样。
返回值:如果函数成功地确定了当前的舍入模式并得到了实现的支持,则函数返回一个定义了相应宏的值:
FE_DOWNWARD | Round downward. |
FE_TONEAREST | Round to nearest. |
FE_TOWARDZERO | Round toward zero. |
FE_UPWARD | Round upward. |
/* fegetround / rint example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <fenv.h> /* fegetround, FE_* */
#include <math.h> /* rint */
int main ()
{
printf ("rounding using ");
switch (fegetround()) {
case FE_DOWNWARD: printf ("downward"); break;
case FE_TONEAREST: printf ("to-nearest"); break;
case FE_TOWARDZERO: printf ("toward-zero"); break;
case FE_UPWARD: printf ("upward"); break;
default: printf ("unknown");
}
printf (" rounding:\n");
printf ( "rint (2.3) = %.1f\n", rint(2.3) );
printf ( "rint (3.8) = %.1f\n", rint(3.8) );
printf ( "rint (-2.3) = %.1f\n", rint(-2.3) );
printf ( "rint (-3.8) = %.1f\n", rint(-3.8) );
return 0;
}
output:
Rounding using to-nearest rounding:
rint (2.3) = 2.0
rint (3.8) = 4.0
rint (-2.3) = -2.0
rint (-3.8) = -4.0
6. fesetround 函数
int fesetround (int rdir);
函数介绍:将 int rdir 设置为浮点环境的当前舍入方向模式。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
int rdir:
FE_DOWNWARD | Round downward. |
FE_TONEAREST | Round to nearest. |
FE_TOWARDZERO | Round toward zero. |
FE_UPWARD | Round upward. |
返回值:如果已成功设置所请求的舍入方向,则为零。
/* fesetround example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <fenv.h> /* fesetround, FE_* */
#include <math.h> /* rint */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
int main ()
{
printf ("rounding -3.8:\n");
fesetround(FE_DOWNWARD);
printf ("FE_DOWNWARD: %.1f\n", rint(-3.8));
fesetround(FE_TONEAREST);
printf ("FE_TONEAREST: %.1f\n", rint(-3.8));
fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
printf ("FE_TOWARDZERO: %.1f\n", rint(-3.8));
fesetround(FE_UPWARD);
printf ("FE_UPWARD: %.1f\n", rint(-3.8));
return 0;
}
output:
rounding -3.8:
FE_DOWNWARD: -4.0
FE_TONEAREST: -4.0
FE_TOWARDZERO: -3.0
FE_UPWARD: -3.0
7. fegetenv 函数
int fegetenv (fenv_t* envp);
函数介绍:试图在envp所指向的对象中存储浮点环境的当前状态。浮点环境是一组影响浮点计算的状态标志和控制模式(包括浮点异常和舍入方向模式)。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
fenv_t* envp:指向存储浮点环境状态的fenv_t对象的指针。
返回值:返回零,如果状态存储成功。否则,返回非零。
8. fesetenv 函数
int fesetenv (const fenv_t* envp);
函数介绍:试图建立由envp所指向的对象表示的浮点环境的状态。浮点环境是一组影响浮点计算的状态标志和控制模式(包括浮点异常和舍入方向模式)。如果成功,函数将更改浮点环境的当前状态,而不会实际引发在这种状态中指定的异常。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
const fenv_t* envp:一个指向fenv_t值的指针(由之前对fegetenv或feholdexcept的调用填充),或者一个浮点环境宏值:
FE_DFL_ENV | Default floating-point environment (the same as at program startup). |
返回值:返回零,如果状态成功建立。否则返回非零。
9. feholdexcept 函数
int feholdexcept (fenv_t* envp);
函数介绍:保存 envp 所指向对象中的浮点环境的当前状态。然后,它会重置当前状态,并且——如果支持的话——将环境设置为不间断模式。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
fenv_t* envp:指向存储浮点环境状态的fenv_t对象的指针。
返回值:返回零,如果功能成功完成,包括设置浮点环境为不停模式。
/* feholdexcept/feupdateenv example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf, puts */
#include <fenv.h> /* feholdexcept, feclearexcept, fetestexcept, feupdateenv, FE_* */
#include <math.h> /* log */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
double log_zerook (double x) {
fenv_t fe;
feholdexcept(&fe);
x=log(x);
feclearexcept (FE_OVERFLOW|FE_DIVBYZERO);
feupdateenv(&fe);
return x;
}
int main ()
{
feclearexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
printf ("log(0.0): %f\n", log_zerook(0.0));
if (!fetestexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT))
puts ("no exceptions raised");
return 0;
}
output:
log(0.0): -inf
no exceptions raised
10. feupdateenv 函数
int feupdateenv (const fenv_t* envp);
函数介绍:试图建立由envp所指向的对象表示的浮点环境的状态。然后尝试在调用之前在浮点环境中设置异常。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
const fenv_t* envp:一个指向fenv_t值的指针(由之前对fegetenv或feholdexcept的调用填充),或者一个浮点环境宏值:
FE_DFL_ENV | Default floating-point environment (the same as at program startup). |
返回值:成功返回 0 ;否则,返回非零
/* feholdexcept/feupdateenv example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf, puts */
#include <fenv.h> /* feholdexcept, feclearexcept, fetestexcept, feupdateenv, FE_* */
#include <math.h> /* log */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
double log_zerook (double x)
{
fenv_t fe;
feholdexcept(&fe);
x=log(x);
feclearexcept (FE_OVERFLOW|FE_DIVBYZERO);
feupdateenv(&fe);
return x;
}
int main ()
{
feclearexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
printf ("log(0.0): %f\n", log_zerook(0.0));
if (!fetestexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT))
puts ("no exceptions raised");
return 0;
}
output:
log(0.0): -inf
no exceptions raised
11. fetestexcept 函数
int fetestexcept (int excepts);
函数介绍:返回当前设置的异常,其中包括excepts指定的异常。返回的值是浮点环境中当前设置的异常子集的位或表示形式。或者是零,如果异常中的任何异常都没有当前设置。
注意:调用此函数的程序应确保为调用启用了编译指示FENV_ACCESS。
参数:
int excepts:位掩码值:实现支持的任意数量的浮点异常值的组合(带有按位OR):
FE_DIVBYZERO | Pole error: division by zero, or some other asymptotically infinite result (from finite arguments). |
FE_INEXACT | Inexact: the result is not exact. |
FE_INVALID | Domain error: At least one of the arguments is a value for which the function is not defined. |
FE_OVERFLOW | Overflow range error: The result is too large in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_UNDERFLOW | Underflow range error: The result is too small in magnitude to be represented as a value of the return type. |
FE_ALL_EXCEPT | All exceptions (selects all of the exceptions supported by the implementation). |
返回值:返回零,如果异常中的任何异常都没有被设置;否则,返回非零值。
/* fetestexcept example */
#include <stdio.h> /* puts */
#include <fenv.h> /* feraiseexcept, fetestexcept, FE_* */
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on
double fn (double x) {
/* some function for which zero is a domain and range error */
if (x==0.0) feraiseexcept(FE_INVALID|FE_OVERFLOW);
return x;
}
int main ()
{
int fe;
feclearexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
fn (0.0);
/* testing for single exception: */
if (fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) puts ("FE_OVERFLOW is set");
/* testing multiple exceptions: */
fe = fetestexcept (FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
puts ("The following exceptions are set:");
if (fe & FE_DIVBYZERO) puts ("FE_DIVBYZERO");
if (fe & FE_INEXACT) puts ("FE_INEXACT");
if (fe & FE_INVALID) puts ("FE_INVALID");
if (fe & FE_OVERFLOW) puts ("FE_OVERFLOW");
if (fe & FE_UNDERFLOW) puts ("FE_UNDERFLOW");
return 0;
}
output:
FE_OVERFLOW is set
The following exceptions are set:
FE_INVALID
FE_OVERFLOW