- 文章代码基于jupyter notebook运行
首先,安装必要的库:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import linear_model
读取csv数据集,并大致预览:
df = pd.read_csv('d:/boston_house_prices.csv')
df
df.describe()
CRIM ZN INDUS CHAS NOX RM AGE DIS RAD TAX PTRATIO B LSTAT MEDV
count 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000
mean 3.613524 11.363636 11.136779 0.069170 0.554695 6.284634 68.574901 3.795043 9.549407 408.237154 18.455534 356.674032 12.653063 22.532806
std 8.601545 23.322453 6.860353 0.253994 0.115878 0.702617 28.148861 2.105710 8.707259 168.537116 2.164946 91.294864 7.141062 9.197104
min 0.006320 0.000000 0.460000 0.000000 0.385000 3.561000 2.900000 1.129600 1.000000 187.000000 12.600000 0.320000 1.730000 5.000000
25% 0.082045 0.000000 5.190000 0.000000 0.449000 5.885500 45.025000 2.100175 4.000000 279.000000 17.400000 375.377500 6.950000 17.025000
50% 0.256510 0.000000 9.690000 0.000000 0.538000 6.208500 77.500000 3.207450 5.000000 330.000000 19.050000 391.440000 11.360000 21.200000
75% 3.677082 12.500000 18.100000 0.000000 0.624000 6.623500 94.075000 5.188425 24.000000 666.000000 20.200000 396.225000 16.955000 25.000000
max 88.976200 100.000000 27.740000 1.000000 0.871000 8.780000 100.000000 12.126500 24.000000 711.000000 22.000000 396.900000 37.970000 50.000000
分析数据间的相关系数:
df.corr()
CRIM ZN INDUS CHAS NOX RM AGE DIS RAD TAX PTRATIO B LSTAT MEDV
CRIM 1.000000 -0.200469 0.406583 -0.055892 0.420972 -0.219247 0.352734 -0.379670 0.625505 0.582764 0.289946 -0.385064 0.455621 -0.388305
ZN -0.200469 1.000000 -0.533828 -0.042697 -0.516604 0.311991 -0.569537 0.664408 -0.311948 -0.314563 -0.391679 0.175520 -0.412995 0.360445
INDUS 0.406583 -0.533828 1.000000 0.062938 0.763651 -0.391676 0.644779 -0.708027 0.595129 0.720760 0.383248 -0.356977 0.603800 -0.483725
CHAS -0.055892 -0.042697 0.062938 1.000000 0.091203 0.091251 0.086518 -0.099176 -0.007368 -0.035587 -0.121515 0.048788 -0.053929 0.175260
NOX 0.420972 -0.516604 0.763651 0.091203 1.000000 -0.302188 0.731470 -0.769230 0.611441 0.668023 0.188933 -0.380051 0.590879 -0.427321
RM -0.219247 0.311991 -0.391676 0.091251 -0.302188 1.000000 -0.240265 0.205246 -0.209847 -0.292048 -0.355501 0.128069 -0.613808 0.695360
AGE 0.352734 -0.569537 0.644779 0.086518 0.731470 -0.240265 1.000000 -0.747881 0.456022 0.506456 0.261515 -0.273534 0.602339 -0.376955
DIS -0.379670 0.664408 -0.708027 -0.099176 -0.769230 0.205246 -0.747881 1.000000 -0.494588 -0.534432 -0.232471 0.291512 -0.496996 0.249929
RAD 0.625505 -0.311948 0.595129 -0.007368 0.611441 -0.209847 0.456022 -0.494588 1.000000 0.910228 0.464741 -0.444413 0.488676 -0.381626
TAX 0.582764 -0.314563 0.720760 -0.035587 0.668023 -0.292048 0.506456 -0.534432 0.910228 1.000000 0.460853 -0.441808 0.543993 -0.468536
PTRATIO 0.289946 -0.391679 0.383248 -0.121515 0.188933 -0.355501 0.261515 -0.232471 0.464741 0.460853 1.000000 -0.177383 0.374044 -0.507787
B -0.385064 0.175520 -0.356977 0.048788 -0.380051 0.128069 -0.273534 0.291512 -0.444413 -0.441808 -0.177383 1.000000 -0.366087 0.333461
LSTAT 0.455621 -0.412995 0.603800 -0.053929 0.590879 -0.613808 0.602339 -0.496996 0.488676 0.543993 0.374044 -0.366087 1.000000 -0.737663
MEDV -0.388305 0.360445 -0.483725 0.175260 -0.427321 0.695360 -0.376955 0.249929 -0.381626 -0.468536 -0.507787 0.333461 -0.737663 1.000000
我们这次仅研究CRIM和NOX的线性关系,所以只提取两列:
reg_bos = linear_model.LinearRegression()
x = df[['CRIM']]
y = df[['NOX']]
a = reg_bos.fit(x, y)
注:这里提取x、y时一定要加上两个中括号,这样才会带上index。
查看回归系数和截距:
a.coef_[0][0]
0.005671216373405902
a.intercept_[0]
0.5342019853246204
借助内置函数给回归函数打分,即R平方:
a.score(x, y)
0.17721718179269352
可以打印整个模型:
print("NOX = " + str(a.intercept_[0]) + " + " + str(a.coef_[0][0]) + " * CRIM")
NOX = 0.17721718179269352 + 0.005671216373405902 * CRIM
还可以预测:
x_test = np.array([[0.5]])
a.predict(x_test)[0][0]
0.5370375935113233