泰坦尼克号

数据来源于kaggle

其中，训练集是$891\times 12$，测试集$418\times 11$
[外链图片转存失败(img-e7i6IYkb-1565196263873)(attachment:image.png)]

读取数据

import numpy
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

train=pd.read_csv('train.csv')
test=pd.read_csv('test.csv')

train.shape,test.shape

((891, 12), (418, 11))

train.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

特征工程

幸存者年龄分布

• 绘制幸存者年龄段分布

train['AgeBand'] = pd.cut(train['Age'], 5)
y=train[['AgeBand', 'Survived']].groupby(['AgeBand'], as_index=False).sum()
y.plot.bar(x='AgeBand',rot=45)#rot 表示旋转角度
plt.title('survived number')
plt.show()

• 绘制幸存者及遇难者年龄分布

plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
g = sns.FacetGrid(train, col='Survived')
g.map(plt.hist, 'Age', bins=20)
g.add_legend()

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x2a8775e8390>


<Figure size 720x720 with 0 Axes>

• 绘制幸存者及遇难者年龄分布的累积直方图

以不同颜色区分幸存者和遇难者

plt.hist(x = [train[train['Survived']==1]['Age'], train[train['Survived']==0]['Age']], 
         stacked=True, color = ['g','r'],label = ['Survived','Dead'])
plt.title('Age Histogram by Survival')
plt.xlabel('Age (Years)')
plt.ylabel('# of Passengers')
plt.legend()

<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x2a8797faa20>

从上述图表可以看出：

1. 老年人遇难的比例最高

2. 青年的遇难数量占遇难者的大部分，这是因为青年人比例占总人数中最多

3. 青年的幸存者数量占幸存者的大部分

4. 0-10岁儿童幸存比例最高

幸存者船票等级分布

• 绘制船票等级的分布

sns.barplot(x = 'Pclass', y = 'Survived', order=[1,2,3], data=train)

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2a879834780>

• 绘制幸存者船票等级分布