Kubernetes资源清单和Pod生命周期

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-23 17:10:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-23 17:10:49 发布

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分类专栏： k8s 文章标签： python 网络 kubernetes

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/thorne_lu/article/details/121367195

版权

本文详细介绍了Kubernetes的资源清单，包括自主式Pod的创建、镜像拉取策略、端口映射等，并深入讲解了Pod的生命周期，如管理多个容器、网络共享、存储、初始化容器和探针等概念，旨在帮助读者理解Pod如何运行和管理。

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资源清单

1.Kubernetes的资源清单的介绍

官网参考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.18/#deployment-v1-apps
命令参考：
kubectl explain pod
kubectl get pod -o yaml |less

2. 自主式Pod资源清单

2.1 创建自主式Pod资源清单

[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ mkdir mainfest  创建目录存放资源清单
[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ cd mainfest/
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ ls
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml   创建资源清单
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml
apiVersion: v1  指明api资源版本
kind: Pod   标记创建的资源类型
metadata:  元数据
  name: myapp  对象名称
spec:  定义目标资源的期待状态
  containers:
    - name: myapp
      image: myapp:v1  指定镜像
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl create -f pod.yml
pod/myapp created
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myapp   1/1     Running   0          9s
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
myapp   1/1     Running   0          4m16s   10.244.1.13   server2   <none>           <none>
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ curl 10.244.1.13
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

命令帮助参考：kubectl explain pod

kubectl api-versions 查看api资源属于那个群组或版本

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl delete -f pod.yml ##自主式pod清单的修改需要先删除在创建
pod "myapp" deleted
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myapp
      image: myapp:v2  修改资源清单，此处修改的是资源镜像的版本
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl create -f pod.yml
pod/myapp created
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
myapp   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.2.14   server3   <none>           <none>
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ curl 10.244.2.14
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

2.2 交互式进入pod内部

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl delete -f pod.yml 
pod "myapp" deleted
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml 
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myappv1
      image: myapp:v1
    - name: demo
      image: busyboxplus
      tty: true
      stdin: true
      stdinOnce: true
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl apply -f pod.yml 
pod/myapp created
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myapp   2/2     Running   0          5s  ----->成功运行两个容器
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl describe pod myapp 
Name:         myapp
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         server2/172.25.1.2
Start Time:   Mon, 22 Jun 2020 20:43:54 +0800
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  Status:  Running
IP:           10.244.1.22    -------->这两个容器会共享网络
IPs:
  IP:  10.244.1.22
Containers:
  myappv1:
    Container ID:   docker://c3a8b858d190b68214e4bed175c27b96c202b983006ffbb0e5f1b8c3dfdc2517
    Image:          myapp:v1
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://myapp@sha256:9eeca44ba2d410e54fccc54cbe9c021802aa8b9836a0bcf3d3229354e4c8870e
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Mon, 22 Jun 2020 20:43:55 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-5qqxc (ro)
  demo:
    Container ID:   docker://7596aa40bd7d6623791038c06bacecd8169ccdff65d76609f92831f2697ce434
    Image:          busyboxplus
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://busyboxplus@sha256:ef538eae80f40015736f1ee308d74b4f38f74e978c65522ce64abdf8c8c5e0d6
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Mon, 22 Jun 2020 20:43:55 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-5qqxc (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  default-token-5qqxc:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-5qqxc
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  10s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/myapp to server2
  Normal  Pulled     10s   kubelet, server2   Container image "myapp:v1" already present on machine
  Normal  Created    10s   kubelet, server2   Created container myappv1
  Normal  Started    10s   kubelet, server2   Started container myappv1
  Normal  Pulling    10s   kubelet, server2   Pulling image "busyboxplus"
  Normal  Pulled     10s   kubelet, server2   Successfully pulled image "busyboxplus"
  Normal  Created    10s   kubelet, server2   Created container demo
  Normal  Started    10s   kubelet, server2   Started container demo

2.4 pod的镜像拉取策略

kubectl explain pod.spec.containers

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml 
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myappv1
      image: myapp:v1
    - name: demo
      image: busyboxplus
      tty: true
      stdin: true
      stdinOnce: true
      imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ------->镜像拉取时策略，需要时拉取

2.5 容器的端口映射

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml 
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myappv1
      image: myapp:v1
      ports:   ----------->此处为端口映射
      - name: http
        containerPort: 80
        hostPort: 80
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl apply -f pod.yml    ------>应用这个yml
pod/myapp created
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
myapp   1/1     Running   0          10s   10.244.1.23   server2   <none>           <none>
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ curl 10.244.1.23
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

验证：

iptables -t nat -nL | grep 80

2.6 定义pod使用主机网络模式

定义容器使用主机网络模式会直接使用宿主机的网络，但是只能有一个不能有副本

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ vim pod.yml 
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ cat pod.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myappv1
      image: myapp:v1
      ports:
      - name: http
        containerPort: 80
        hostPort: 80
  hostNetwork: true  ---------->使用主机网络模式
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl apply -f pod.yml 
pod/myapp created
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
myapp   1/1     Running   0          4s    172.25.1.2   server2   <none>           <none>
[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ curl 172.25.1.2   -------->可通过主机网络IP访问pod
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

2.7 定义pod的重启策略

命令行模式

[kubeadm@server1 mainfest]$ kubectl run demo --image=busyboxplus -it --restart=Never   ----->不重启
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
[ root@demo:/ ]$ ls
bin/     etc/

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