SpringCloud—笔记（一）零基础篇

1、微服务与SpringCloud

微服务架构概述

数服务架构是种架构模式，它提倡将单一应用程序划分成一组小的服务，服务之间互相协调、互相配合，为用户提供最终价值。服务运行在其独立的进程中，服务与服务间采用轻量级的通信机制互相协作(通常是基于HTTP协议的RESTfulAPI)。每个服务都围绕着具本业务进行构建，并且能够被独立的部署到生产环境、类生产环境等。另外，应当尽量避免统的、集中式的服务管理机制，对具体的一个服务而言，应根据引用上下文，选择合适的语言、工具进行构建。

分布式微服务架构：

服务调用、服务降级、服务注册与发现、服务熔断、负载均衡、服务消息队列、服务网关、自动化构建部署、配置中心管理、服务监控、全链路追踪、服务定时任务调度操作

SpringCloud简介

是什么

SpringCloud

• 分布式微服务架构的站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶

SpringCloud技术栈

主流的技术：

2、从2.2.x和H版说起

springboot版本选择
官方强烈要求升到2.x以上版本

springcloud版本选择：
官网地址：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
详细版本查看地址：https://start.spring.io/actuator/info

测试版本选择：

• cloud：Hoxton.SR1
• boot:2.2.2
• cloud alibaba：2.1.0
• java：8
• maven：3.5 以上
• MySQL：5.7以上
  

3、cloud组件停更说明

4、微服务编码构建（订单支付）

约定>配置>编码

IDEA新建project工作空间

微服务cloud整体聚合父工程Project

1、New Project，导入site

2、字符编码

3、注解生效激活

4、java编译版本选8

5、File Type过滤

父工程POM

1、删掉src文件
2、编写POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wlq.springcloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>cloud-provider-payment8001</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <!--统一管理jar包版本-->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>

      <!--springboot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <!--springcloud hoxton.SR1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <!--springcloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <!--junit-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <!--log4j-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
</project>

</project>

mavn工程落地细节复习

Maven中的DependencyManagement和Dependencies

Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。
通常会在一个 组织或者项目的最顶层的父POM中看到dependencyManagement元素。

使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显 式的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上走，直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目，然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。

父POM里定义的在子POM里就不需要再定义版本号，但也可以用自己的，这样做的好处就是:如果有多个子项目都引用同-样依赖，则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号,这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时，只需要在顶层父容器里更新,而不需要一个个 子项目的修改;外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本, 只需要声明version就可。

• dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。

• 如果不在子项目中声明依赖，是不会从父项目中继承下来的;只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中继承该项，并且Vversion和scope都读取自父pom;

• 如果子项目中指定了版本号，那么会使用子项目中指定的jar版本。

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>mysq1</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    <dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

然后在子项目里就可以添加mysql-connector时可以不指定版本号，例如

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>mysq1</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

maven中跳过单元测试

父工程创建完成执行mvn:instal将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承

rest微服务工程构建

微服务模块

1. 建module
2. 改POM
3. 写YML
4. 主启动
5. 业务类

构建步骤

1、cloud-provider-payment8001微服务提供者支付Module模块（支付模块-上）

1. 建cloud-provider-payment8001

2. 改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wlq.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3. 写YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource    # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver      # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 1346258

mybatis:
server:
  port: 8001


spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.wlq.springcloud.entities

4. 主启动

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

5. 业务类（支付模块—中）

1. 建表SQL

CREATE TABLE `payment`(
	`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
    `serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

2. entities

主实体Payment

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {

    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

Json封装体CommonResult

/*
传给前端的类
 */

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {

    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

3. dao

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

resources下建一个mapper文件
再在mapper下建一个PaymentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >

<mapper namespace="com.wlq.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.wlq.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values (#{serial});
    </insert>

    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id=#{id};
    </select>
</mapper>

4. service

public interface PaymentService {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

Impl

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

5. controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入结果："+result);

        if (result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("****插入结果："+payment);

        if (payment != null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败"+id,null);
        }
    }
}

7. 测试
   读：http://localhost:8001/payment/get/1
   
   写：http://localhost:8001/payment/create?serial=wlq

注意：这里的create方法先不加@RequestBody注解

用postman测试：

8. 小总结

1. 建module
2. 改POM
3. 写YML
4. 主启动
5. 业务类

2、热部署Devtools

1. Adding devtools tp your project

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

2. Adding plugin to your pom.xml
   父类的POM.xml

<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

3. Enabling automatic build
   

4. Update the value of
   Ctrl + Shift + Alt + /
   
   
   

5. 重启IDEA .

3、cloud-consumer-order80微服务消费者订单Module模块

1. 建cloud-consumer-order80

2. 改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wlq.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3. 写YML

server:
  port: 80

4. 主启动

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }

}

5. 业务类

1. entities

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {

    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {

    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

2. 首说RestTemplate

RestTemplate：官网地址

使用：
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

3. config配置类，建一个ApplicationContextConfig

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

4. controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        //写操作
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
    }
}

6. 测试
   读：http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
   写：http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?serial=wlq

写入数据细节：要在8001的controller里的create方法上加上@RequestBody注解

@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入结果："+result);

        if (result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据失败",null);
        }
    }

4、工程重组

1. 观察问题
   有重复代码，重构

2. 新建：cloud-api-commons

3. POM

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

4. entities
   转移到cloud-api-commons下的com.wlq.springcloud.entities，删除其它的entities

5. maven命令clean install
   

6. 订单80和支付8001分别改造

<dependency><!--引入自己定义的api调用包-->
            <groupId>com.wlq.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>