Fragment启动方式

继承 Activity 或者FragmentActivity获得Manager的方式也不同
Activity ：getFragmentManager()
FragmentActivity： getSupportFragmentManager()
或者说
导入的包名为
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
或者
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
获取对象方式不一样
注：如果使用Android3.0以下的版本，需要引入v4的包

一：通过代码启动
包名：import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
1 、定义一个frameLayout布局

  <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>

2、java

FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
transaction.add(R.id.fl_fragment, firstFragment);
transaction.commit();

每个transaction 只能commit()一次

实例：activity_first.xml

LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_firstFragment"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="first Fragment" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_secondFragment"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="second Fragment" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" >
    </FrameLayout>

</LinearLayout>

FirstActivity

import com.example.fragment_demo.R;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class FirstActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
    /**
     * 用于展示第一个Fragment
     */
    FirstFragment firstFragment;
    /**
     * 用于展示第二个Fragment
     */
    SecondFragment secondFragment;
     //两个标志
    private final int FIRST_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION = 1001;
    private final int SECOND_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION = 1002;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_first);
        StartFragment(FIRST_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_firstFragment).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_secondFragment).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void StartFragment(int index) {
        // 开启一个Fragment事务
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager()
                .beginTransaction();
        // 先隐藏掉所有的Fragment，以防止有多个Fragment显示在界面上的情况
        hideFragments(transaction);
        switch (index) {
        case FIRST_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION:
            if (firstFragment == null) {
                firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
                transaction.add(R.id.fl_fragment, firstFragment);
            } else {
                transaction.show(firstFragment);
            }
            break;
        case SECOND_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION:
            if (secondFragment == null) {
                secondFragment = new SecondFragment();
                transaction.add(R.id.fl_fragment, secondFragment);
            } else {
                transaction.show(secondFragment);
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        transaction.commit();
    }
    /**
     * 将所有的Fragment都置为隐藏状态。
     * 
     * @param transaction
     *            用于对Fragment执行操作的事务
     */
    private void hideFragments(FragmentTransaction transaction) {
        if (secondFragment != null) {
            transaction.hide(secondFragment);
        }
        if (firstFragment != null) {
            transaction.hide(firstFragment);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
        case R.id.btn_firstFragment:
            StartFragment(FIRST_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION);
            break;
        case R.id.btn_secondFragment:
            StartFragment(SECOND_FRAGMENT_TRANSACTION);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

二：通过布局中启动

 <fragment  android:layout_width="fill_parent"
      android:layout_height="fill_parent"
       android:id="@+id/fragment_content"  
       android:name="com.example.weather.fragweather"
      />

三： v4的fragment启动
如导的包为

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

 private FragmentTransaction transaction=getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
 transaction.add(R.id.fl_fragment, mHomeFragment);
     //transaction.show(mHomeFragment);
 transaction.commit();