线程一共有哪些状态
线程的状态一共有以下几种:
1)NEW
2)RUNNABLE
3)BLOCKED
4)WAITING
5)TIMED_WAITING
6)TERMINATED
我怎么知道的呢?来来,看一下源码:
Thread.class里面:
public static enum State {
NEW,
RUNNABLE,
BLOCKED,
WAITING,
TIMED_WAITING,
TERMINATED;
private State() {
}
}
线程的状态解释和变化
1)New
当new了一个Thread,没有调用他的任何方法,他就处于New状态;
直接上代码:
package com.test.main;
public class Test {
static class MyThread extends Thread{
public MyThread(String name){
super(name);
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("myThread打印线程名"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread thread = new MyThread("myThread");
System.out.println("线程名:"+thread.getName()+",线程状态:"+thread.getState());
}
}
运行结果:
线程名:myThread,线程状态:NEW
Process finished with exit code 0
2)RUNNABLE
当线程调用了start方法,线程如果处于等待操作系统分配CPU资源,等待IO连接,此时处于Ready状态
,处于已经在运行,那就处于Running状态;
为什么这里有两种呢?因为调用了start,不一定能立马拿到cpu执行时间片,这时候是不太确定的。
我们加上thread.start:
package com.test.main;
public class Test {
static class MyThread extends Thread{
public MyThread(String name){
super(name);
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("myThread打印线程名"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread thread = new MyThread("myThread");
thread.start();
System.out.println("线程名:"+thread.getName()+",线程状态:"+thread.getState());
}
}
运行结果:
线程名:myThread,线程状态:RUNNABLE
3)BLOCKED
当线程尝试拿锁,但是锁一直被占用,线程这时候会被操作系统挂起,这是被称为线程阻塞;
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
synchronized(sdf){
while (true){
}
}
}
});
t1.setName("线程1");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
//线程2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
synchronized (sdf){
System.out.println("线程2拿锁打印当前日期:"+sdf.format(new Date()));
}
}
});
t2.setName("线程2");
t2.start();
System.out.println("线程1状态:"+t1.getState());
System.out.println("线程2状态:"+t2.getState());
RuntimeMXBean runtimeMXBean = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean();
String pidStr = runtimeMXBean.getName();
System.out.println("pidStr="+pidStr);
int pid = Integer.parseInt(pidStr.split("@")[0]);
System.out.println("当前程序的进程号pid="+pid);
}
}
运行结果:
线程1状态:RUNNABLE
线程2状态:BLOCKED
pidStr=11548@C01-16120305-01
当前程序的进程号pid=11548
说明:
线程1因为在synchronized里面死循环,那么对象sdf无法被释放锁,一直被线程1锁持有,
所以Thread2永远也拿不到对象sdf资源,线程被阻塞,也就是BLOCKED;
我们打印出来了该main进程的pid,为11548,接下来,我们用jstack -l 11548看一下堆栈日志。
打开idea下方的Terminal:
E:\mytestProject\springtest>jstack -l 11548
2020-10-14 14:10:22
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.71-b01 mixed mode):
"DestroyJavaVM" prio=6 tid=0x0000000003652800 nid=0x2cc4 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- None
"线程2" prio=6 tid=0x00000000122f4000 nid=0x1c18 waiting for monitor entry [0x0000000013d7f000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at com.test.main.Test$2.run(Test.java:37)
- waiting to lock <0x00000007ab8447a8> (a java.text.SimpleDateFormat)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- None
"线程1" prio=6 tid=0x00000000122f1000 nid=0x2fb8 runnable [0x0000000013c7f000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at com.test.main.Test$1.run(Test.java:22)
- locked <0x00000007ab8447a8> (a java.text.SimpleDateFormat)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- None
说明:
我们可以看到线程2的状态为:java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
线程2处于等待拿锁:waiting to lock,锁对象为:java.text.SimpleDateFormat
线程1的状态为:java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
线程1处于上锁状态:locked,锁对象为:java.text.SimpleDateFormat
4)WAITING
从单词上来看,他是等待的意思,这里指的是没有超时的等待,简单的说,如果一个线程处于该WAITING状态,没有被唤醒或者他等待的线程没有结束,他会一直拿不到cpu资源和锁。他跟BOLCKED的区别就是:BLOCKED他只有拿到锁才会继续运行,但是WAITING可以主动唤醒或者他等待的线程运行结束之后,它就可以接着运行。
使线程进入WAITING状态的3个方法:
1.调用wait()方法
调用wait方法所在的线程进入等待,只能在synchronized块中使用,可以被synchronized锁住的对象锁唤醒。
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
synchronized (sdf) {
try {
System.out.println("线程1-wait准备wait,当前线程状态为:" + this.getState());
sdf.wait();
System.out.println("线程1-wait结束,当前线程状态为:" + this.getState());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
//线程1
Thread t2 = new Thread("线程2") {
public void run() {
synchronized (sdf) {
System.out.println("线程1的此时的状态:"+t1.getState());
System.out.println("线程2-准备唤醒,当前线程状态为:" + this.getState());
sdf.notify();
System.out.println("线程2-唤醒结束,当前线程状态为:" + this.getState());
System.out.println("线程1的此时的状态:"+t1.getState());
}
}
};
t1.start();
t2.start();
RuntimeMXBean runtimeMXBean = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean();
System.out.println(runtimeMXBean.getName().split("@")[0]);
}
}
运行结果:
线程1-wait准备wait,当前线程状态为:RUNNABLE
线程1的此时的状态:WAITING
线程2-准备唤醒,当前线程状态为:RUNNABLE
线程2-唤醒结束,当前线程状态为:RUNNABLE
线程1的此时的状态:BLOCKED
线程1-wait结束,当前线程状态为:RUNNABLE
结果分析:
第一步:线程1进入synchronized块,拿到日期sdf对象的持有锁,然后调用sdf对象的wait方法,
使当前线程也就是线程1进入WAITING状态,也就释放了sdf对象的持有锁
(此时线程2处于BLOCKED状态,别问我怎么知道,不信你看BLOCKED篇)
第二步:线程2拿到了sdf对象的持有锁,此时线程1依然处于WAITING状态,接着调用了sdf对象的notify方法,
就会唤醒所有持有sdf对象锁的线程去重新拿锁(这里会唤醒线程1去尝试重新拿sdf的锁),
但是发现sdf对象的锁现在依然还是被线程2持有,所以此时线程1已经进入阻塞状态BLOCKED
第三部:线程持有sdf对象锁代码块继续执行,执行完成后,释放sdf对象锁,
然后线程1从阻塞状态重新拿到刚刚释放的sdf对象锁,然后接着执行一开始没有执行的代码: System.out.println("线程1-wait结束,当前线程状态为:" + this.getState());
2.join()方法
线程如果调用了join方法,那么代表这个调用者进入阻塞执行,只有当这个调用者所在的线程执行完毕之后,才能接着执行下一个线程;
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0 ;i < 100; i++){
System.out.println("线程1打印1到100,当前:"+i);
}
}
};
//线程1
Thread t2 = new Thread("线程2") {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0 ;i < 20; i++){
System.out.println("线程2打印1到100,当前:"+i);
}
}
};
t1.start();
t1.join();
t2.start();
t2.join();
for (int i = 0 ;i < 30; i++){
System.out.println("main线程打印1到100,当前:"+i);
}
}
}
运行结果,按照线程1,2,main的顺序执行:
3.LockSupport.park()
使park方法被调用所在的线程进入WAITING状态,也就是先不执行他了,先去执行别的线程;
先来一段代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
System.out.println("111");
LockSupport.park();
System.out.println("222");
}
};
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("main111");
System.out.println("线程1的状态:"+t1.getState());
System.out.println("main222");
}
}
运行结果:
111
main111
线程1的状态:WAITING
main222
说明:
1:先执行park之前
2:线程1进入WAITING
3:执行main的3个打印
4:由于线程1没有被唤醒,所有没有后续日志
5)TIMED_WAITING
这个跟上文的WAITING类似,只不过多了一个时间参数,被称为超时等待。除了wait,join和park之外,还有sleep方法也能进入该状态;
1.wait(超时)
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
synchronized (this){
System.out.println("线程1进入wait前,状态为:"+this.getState());
try {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.wait(10000);
long ss = System.currentTimeMillis()-start;
System.out.println("线程1结束wait状态为"+this.getState()+",共耗时"+ss+"ms");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("main111");
System.out.println("线程1进入wait之后的状态:"+t1.getState());
System.out.println("main222");
}
}
运行结果:
线程1进入wait前,状态为:RUNNABLE
main111
线程1进入wait之后的状态:TIMED_WAITING
main222
线程1结束wait状态为RUNNABLE,共耗时10000ms
说明:
1:线程1进入synchronized代码开,打印wait之前的状态为RUNNABLE
2:线程1调用wait(10000),等待10秒钟
3:主线程开始执行,打印main111
4:主线程打印此时线程1的状态为:TIMED_WATTING
5:主线程打印main222
6:10秒钟之后,线程1自动唤醒,重新拿到自身对象锁,当前状态恢复成RUNNABLE,打印wait之后,耗时刚好就是10秒
再来看看join超时
2.join(带超时)
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("run()中的i="+i);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("main开始运行");
System.out.println("准备调用线程1的join方法,阻塞main线程3秒钟");
t1.join(3000);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("main中的i="+i);
}
}
}
运行结果:
run()中的i=0
main开始运行
准备调用线程1的join方法,阻塞main线程3秒钟
run()中的i=1
run()中的i=2
run()中的i=3
main中的i=0
main中的i=1
main中的i=2
main中的i=3
main中的i=4
run()中的i=4
run()中的i=5
run()中的i=6
run()中的i=7
run()中的i=8
run()中的i=9
说明:
1:线程1开始打印第一个数字0,睡眠1秒
2:main开始执行,执行到调用线程1的join方法,开始阻塞main线程执行,main此时状态为TIMED_WAITING
3:3秒之后,main线程被唤醒,线程1进行睡眠1秒,开始打印main线程的i
4:接着打印线程1剩下的i
6)TERMINATED
一般执行完了线程的run方法之后,线程状态表示结束;
实例代码:
package com.test.main;
import sun.java2d.pipe.SpanShapeRenderer;
import javax.net.ssl.ManagerFactoryParameters;
import javax.sound.midi.Soundbank;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class Test {
private final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程1
final Thread t1 = new Thread("线程1") {
public void run() {
System.out.println("线程1执行了run方法");
}
};
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
t1.join();
System.out.println("main线程开始执行...");
System.out.println("线程1执行run之后的状态为:"+t1.getState());
}
}
运行结果:
线程1执行了run方法
main线程开始执行...
线程1执行run之后的状态为:TERMINATED
说明:
1:线程1开始阻塞执行,打印,线程1执行了run方法
2:阻塞结束,main开始执行,此时线程1的状态为:TERMINATED
针对以上,来一张状态流程图:
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