在Android中,如果我们需要在不同进程间实现通信,有很多种方式,其中最普通的方式就是AIDL。
AIDL(Android Interface Definition Language)是一种接口定义语言,编译器通过*.aidl文件的描述信息生成符合通信协议的Java代码,我们无需自己去写这段繁杂的代码,只需要在需要的时候调用即可,通过这种方式我们就可以完成进程间的通信工作。本文Demo为Android开发艺术探索的例子,姑且当做学习笔记记录下AIDL的基本用法。废话不说,先上干货。
1.准备好AIDL文件
IBookManager.aidl
package com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl;
import com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl.Book;
import com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl.IOnNewBookArrivedListener;
interface IBookManager {
List<Book> getBookList();
void addBook(in Book book);
void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
}
由于AIDL文件包含自定义类Book,所以要添加一个Book类的声明文件,很简单一行代码搞定
Book.aidl
package com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl;
parcelable Book;
如果你打开了Eclipse的自动编译功能就可以看到gen目录下面自动生成了对应的java文件
2.自定义服务类
BookManagerService.java
package com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
public class BookManagerService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "BMS";
private AtomicBoolean mIsServiceDestoryed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> mBookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book>();
// private CopyOnWriteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList =
// new CopyOnWriteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener>();
private RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener>();
private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {
@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
SystemClock.sleep(5000);
return mBookList;
}
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
}
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
int check = checkCallingOrSelfPermission("com.ryg.chapter_2.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE");
Log.d(TAG, "check=" + check);
if (check == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
return false;
}
String packageName = null;
String[] packages = getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(
getCallingUid());
if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
packageName = packages[0];
}
Log.d(TAG, "onTransact: " + packageName);
if (!packageName.startsWith("com.ryg")) {
return false;
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
@Override
public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener)
throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.register(listener);
final int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
Log.d(TAG, "registerListener, current size:" + N);
}
@Override
public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener)
throws RemoteException {
boolean success = mListenerList.unregister(listener);
if (success) {
Log.d(TAG, "unregister success.");
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "not found, can not unregister.");
}
final int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
Log.d(TAG, "unregisterListener, current size:" + N);
};
};
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mBookList.add(new Book(1, "Android"));
mBookList.add(new Book(2, "Ios"));
new Thread(new ServiceWorker()).start();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
int check = checkCallingOrSelfPermission("com.ryg.chapter_2.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE");
Log.d(TAG, "onbind check=" + check);
if (check == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
return null;
}
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mIsServiceDestoryed.set(true);
super.onDestroy();
}
private void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
final int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
IOnNewBookArrivedListener l = mListenerList.getBroadcastItem(i);
if (l != null) {
try {
l.onNewBookArrived(book);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
}
private class ServiceWorker implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// do background processing here.....
while (!mIsServiceDestoryed.get()) {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int bookId = mBookList.size() + 1;
Book newBook = new Book(bookId, "new book#" + bookId);
try {
onNewBookArrived(newBook);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
这个类有点长,其实不太适合作为介绍AIDL的入门用法,我们只看其中的关键方法,用伪代码表示为
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return new IBookManager.Stub() {
@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
// Todo
return null;
}
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
//Todo
};
}
本质就是重写父类service的onBind方法,返回AIDL文件生成的interface对应的Stub()方法。服务器端的Service就是这么简单。
3.客户端调用
BookManagerActivity.java
package com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl;
import java.util.List;
import com.ryg.chapter_2.R;
import com.ryg.chapter_2.aidl.IBookManager;
import com.ryg.chapter_2.utils.MyConstants;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BookManagerActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "BookManagerActivity";
private static final int MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED = 1;
private IBookManager mRemoteBookManager;
@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED:
Log.d(TAG, "receive new book :" + msg.obj);
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
};
private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {
@Override
public void binderDied() {
Log.d(TAG, "binder died. tname:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
if (mRemoteBookManager == null)
return;
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
mRemoteBookManager = null;
// TODO:这里重新绑定远程Service
}
};
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
mRemoteBookManager = bookManager;
try {
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
List<Book> list = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG, "query book list, list type:"
+ list.getClass().getCanonicalName());
Log.i(TAG, "query book list:" + list.toString());
Book newBook = new Book(3, "Android进阶");
bookManager.addBook(newBook);
Log.i(TAG, "add book:" + newBook);
List<Book> newList = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG, "query book list:" + newList.toString());
bookManager.registerListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
mRemoteBookManager = null;
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected. tname:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
};
private IOnNewBookArrivedListener mOnNewBookArrivedListener = new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub() {
@Override
public void onNewBookArrived(Book newBook) throws RemoteException {
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED, newBook)
.sendToTarget();
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_book_manager);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, BookManagerService.class);
bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public void onButton1Click(View view) {
Toast.makeText(this, "click button1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mRemoteBookManager != null) {
try {
List<Book> newList = mRemoteBookManager.getBookList();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
if (mRemoteBookManager != null
&& mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().isBinderAlive()) {
try {
Log.i(TAG, "unregister listener:" + mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
mRemoteBookManager
.unregisterListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
unbindService(mConnection);
super.onDestroy();
}
}
跟服务器端一样,我们主要看核心部分
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
//bookManager.addBook(book)
//bookManager.getBookList()
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
mRemoteBookManager = null;
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_book_manager);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, BookManagerService.class);
bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
protected void onDestroy() {
...
unbindService(mConnection);
super.onDestroy();
}
在客户端Activity中OnCreate方法中bindService,onDestory中unbindService
请注意该interface 中的onServiceConnected()方法的第二个变量Service。当客户端请求AmS 启动某个Service 后,该Service 如果正常启动,那么AmS 就会远程调用ActivityThread 类中的ApplicationThread对象,调用的参数中会包含Service 的Binder 引用,然后在ApplicationThread 中会回调bindService 中的conn 接口。因此,在客户端中,可以在onServiceConnected()方法中将其参数Service 保存为一个全局变量,从而在客户端的任何地方都可以随时调用该远程服务。
有几点需要注意的
1.本Demo服务器端客户端在同一个应用中,所以可以直接用显式Intent作为bindService的第一个参数,如果客服端服务器端在不同的应用,客户端AIDL文件要跟客户端保持一致,可以用隐式Intent作为bindService的第一个参数。
2.本应用虽然在一个应用中,通过process:remote配置Service在另外的进程中,所以跟两个应用跨进程IPC调用是一样的效果。
3.如果服务器端和客户端在同一个进程,则不会调用AIDL文件对应Interface中实现的onTransact方法,直接调用对应实现方法。否则跨进程会通过onTransact调用对应的实现方法。这个逻辑是由Stub类的内部代理Proxy来完成的。
4.本Demo中 mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient(){ public void binderDied() {...}};
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
当远程服务异常挂掉的情况下,会调用binderDied的方法,在其中可以解除关联
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
4.使用总结
1.AIDL文件ready,IServiceManager.aidl
2.服务器:MyService extends Service 重写onBind方法返回Stub()实例
3.客户端:ServiceConnection实例serviceConnection onServiceConnected方法得到IBinder(android.os.BinderProxy)参数获取IServiceManager实例(IServiceManager$Stub$Proxy),接下来调用方法。
4.若客户端服务器端在一个进程,3中onServiceConnected方法得到IBinder和IServiceManager为同一个MyService对象,且不会调用transact方法。
最后附上源码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/tianmi1988/9320963,对总结中的3、4点读者可以添加打印自行验证。