如何从C或c++函数返回多个值

新程序员通常都在寻找从一个函数中返回多个值的方法。不幸的是，C和c++不允许直接这样做。但幸运的是，通过一些聪明的编程，我们可以很容易地实现这一点。下面是在C语言中从一个函数返回多个值的方法

1. 通过使用指针。

2. 通过使用数据结构。

3. 通过使用数组。

示例:一个实际例子，其中的任务是找出两个不同数字中的较大和较小数。我们可以写出多个函数。主要的问题是调用多个函数的麻烦，因为我们需要返回多个值，当然，有更多的代码行要输入

1、使用指针返回多个值:将参数的地址传递给参数，并使用指针更改参数的值。这样值就变成了原始参数

// Modified program using pointers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// add is the short name for address
void compare(int a, int b, int* add_great, int* add_small)
{
    if (a > b) {

        // a is stored in the address pointed
        // by the pointer variable *add_great
        *add_great = a;
        *add_small = b;
    }
    else {
        *add_great = b;
        *add_small = a;
    }
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int great, small, x, y;

    cout << "Enter two numbers: \n";
    cin >> x >> y;

    // The last two arguments are passed
    // by giving addresses of memory locations
    compare(x, y, &great, &small);
    cout << "\nThe greater number is " << great << " and the smaller number is "
    << small;

    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by sarajadhav12052009

Output:

Enter two numbers:

5 8

The greater number is 8 and the smaller number is 5

4. 使用结构返回多个值:因为结构是用户定义的数据类型。其思想是定义一个具有两个整数变量的结构，并将较大和较小的值存储到这些变量中，然后使用该结构的值

// Modified program using structures
#include <stdio.h>
struct greaterSmaller {
    int greater, smaller;
};

typedef struct greaterSmaller Struct;

Struct findGreaterSmaller(int a, int b)
{
    Struct s;
    if (a > b) {
        s.greater = a;
        s.smaller = b;
    }
    else {
        s.greater = b;
        s.smaller = a;
    }

    return s;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int x, y;
    Struct result;

    printf("Enter two numbers: \n");
    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);

    // The last two arguments are passed
    // by giving addresses of memory locations
    result = findGreaterSmaller(x, y);
    printf("\nThe greater number is %d and the"
        "smaller number is %d",
        result.greater, result.smaller);

    return 0;
}

输出

Enter two numbers:

5 8

The greater number is 8 and the smaller number is 5

3、使用数组返回多个值(仅当返回的项类型相同时有效):当数组作为参数传递时，它的基址将传递给函数，因此无论对数组的副本做了什么更改，它都将在原始数组中更改。下面是使用数组返回多个值的程序，即在arr[0]存储较大的值，在arr[1]存储较小的值。

// Modified program using array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Store the greater element at 0th index
void findGreaterSmaller(int a, int b, int arr[])
{

    // Store the greater element at
    // 0th index of the array
    if (a > b) {
        arr[0] = a;
        arr[1] = b;
    }
    else {
        arr[0] = b;
        arr[1] = a;
    }
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int x, y;
    int arr[2];

    cout << "Enter two numbers: \n";
    cin >> x >> y;

    findGreaterSmaller(x, y, arr);

    cout << "\nThe greater number is " << arr[0] << " and the "
        "smaller number is " << arr[1];

    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by sarajadhav12052009

Output:

Enter two numbers:

5 8

The greater number is 8 and the smaller number is 5

c++专用方法

使用引用返回多个值:我们在c++中使用引用来存储返回值。

// Modified program using References in C++
#include <stdio.h>

void compare(int a, int b, int &add_great, int &add_small)
{
    if (a > b) {
        add_great = a;
        add_small = b;
    }
    else {
        add_great = b;
        add_small = a;
    }
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int great, small, x, y;

    printf("Enter two numbers: \n");
    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);

    // The last two arguments are passed
    // by giving addresses of memory locations
    compare(x, y, great, small);
    printf("\nThe greater number is %d and the"
        "smaller number is %d",
        great, small);

    return 0;
}

使用Class和Object返回多个值:这个想法类似于结构。我们创建一个具有两个整数变量的类，并将较大和较小的值存储到这些变量中，然后使用该结构的值。

// Modified program using class
#include <stdio.h>

class GreaterSmaller {
public:
    int greater, smaller;
};

GreaterSmaller findGreaterSmaller(int a, int b)
{
    GreaterSmaller s;
    if (a > b) {
        s.greater = a;
        s.smaller = b;
    }
    else {
        s.greater = b;
        s.smaller = a;
    }

    return s;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int x, y;
    GreaterSmaller result;

    printf("Enter two numbers: \n");
    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);

    // The last two arguments are passed
    // by giving addresses of memory locations
    result = findGreaterSmaller(x, y);
    printf("\nThe greater number is %d and the"
        "smaller number is %d",
        result.greater, result.smaller);

    return 0;
}