Cottenot的早期胸部断层合成系统

1.1.3 Cottenot’s Early Chest Tomosynthesis System

In 1937 , Paul Cottenot presented a paper at the Fifth International Congress of Radiology in Chicago, Illinois, in which he described a tomosynthesis method he developed for the “study of pleuro-pulmonary lesions.” He called this method “thoracic serioscopy” (Cottenot 1938). Cottenot noted that his method was based on the work of Ziedses des Plantes. In order to image the chest with tomosynthesis, it is critical that each of the projection radiographs be taken at the same level of inspiration. Cottenot accomplished this by developing a “respiratory trigger” consisting of a pneumatic belt that was wrapped around the patient. The belt sent a pressure wave to one side of a U-shaped mercury manometer, the other side of which contained a metal rod the position of which was adjusted so that the rod touched the mercury at a desired level of inspiration. When the mercury level on the side of the rod reached the rod, electrical contact was made, triggering the exposure. Four exposures were made, with the x-ray tube shifted 14 cm to the left, right, upward, and downward of the center. In order to limit motion blur, the exposure time for each film was set to about one-third the exposure time for a conventional radiograph. The thoracic
serioscopy device is shown in Figure 1.2a.

Figure 1.2 (a) cottenot’s thoracic serioscopy image acquisition system. (b) cottenot’s serioscope viewing system. (reproduced with permission from Radiology.)
The developed films were viewed on a special high-intensity light box with screws that shifted the relative positions of the films (Figure 1.2b). Because the imaging geometry was known (focal distance of 1.4 m, and shifts of 14 cm, for a tomosynthesis angle of 11.4°), the serioscope could be calibrated, and the viewing system included a pointer and a dial that was graduated in centimeters (Figure 1.2b). Some of the successful clinical applications of serioscopy that Cottenot described included determining the dimensions and locations of a pneumothorax, abscesses of the lung, and tuberculosis foci (Cottenot 1938).

1.1.3 Cottenot的早期胸部断层合成系统

1937年，Paul Cottenot在伊利诺斯州的芝加哥举行的第五届国际放射学大会上发表了一篇论文，描述了他为“研究胸膜-肺部病变”而开发的一种断层合成方法。他把这种方法称之为“胸部连续投影检查”（Cottenot 1938）。Cottenot指出，他的方法是基于Ziedses des Plantes的工作的。为了用获得胸部的断层图像，关键是每个X射线投影都要在相同的吸气（inspiration）水平上拍摄。Cottenot通过开发一种由一条包裹在病人身上的充气皮带组成的“呼吸触发装置”实现了这一点。皮带向u型水银压力计的一侧发送压力波，压力计的另一侧包含一根金属棒，通过金属棒的位置的调整，使金属棒得以理想的吸气水平接触水银。当金属棒的侧面的水银压力平面接触到金属棒时，产生电接触，触发曝光。X射线管分别想左、右、上、下移动了14厘米，拍摄了4张照片。为了减少运动模糊，每张胶片的曝光时间设定为传统X光曝光时间的三分之一。胸部连续投影检查设备如图1.2a所示。

图1.2 （a）Cottenot的胸部连续投影采集系统。（b）Cottenot的连续投影观察系统。
显影的胶片是在一个特殊的高强度光盒上用螺丝移动胶片相对位置来观察的，如图1.2b。由于成像部位的几何位置已知（距离焦距1.4米，然后位移14厘米，断层合成的角度11.4°），可以对连续投照进行校准，该观察系统包括一个指针和一个刻度为厘米的刻度盘，如图1.2b所示。Cottenot描述的一些成功的临床应用包括确定气胸、肺脓肿以及肺结核病灶的大小和位置（Cottenot 1938）。