oslo_i18n

在nova中经常看到下面的code
            if requested_topology and not instance_topology:
                if pci_requests.requests:
                    return (_("Requested instance NUMA topology together with "
                              "requested PCI devices cannot fit the given "
                              "host NUMA topology"))
                else:
                    return (_("Requested instance NUMA topology cannot fit "
                              "the given host NUMA topology"))
这个字符串前面的_是啥意思呢？
仔细看from nova.i18n import _
原来是从nova.i18n导入的，那在看看nova.i18n.py
import oslo_i18n

DOMAIN = 'nova'

_translators = oslo_i18n.TranslatorFactory(domain=DOMAIN)

# The primary translation function using the well-known name "_"
_ = _translators.primary

# Translators for log levels.
#
# The abbreviated names are meant to reflect the usual use of a short
# name like '_'. The "L" is for "log" and the other letter comes from
# the level.
_LI = _translators.log_info
_LW = _translators.log_warning
_LE = _translators.log_error
_LC = _translators.log_critical


def translate(value, user_locale):
    return oslo_i18n.translate(value, user_locale)


def get_available_languages():
    return oslo_i18n.get_available_languages(DOMAIN)

原来_ = _translators.primary。最终发现都是用oslo_i18n
这个包的解释如下：
https://docs.openstack.org/nova/pike/reference/i18n.html

原来_ 是用于字符串显示的国际化的，简单理解解释显示成个个国家自己的语言。
而
_LI = _translators.log_info
_LW = _translators.log_warning
_LE = _translators.log_error
_LC = _translators.log_critical
是用于不同级别log显示的.