OpenCV 实现颜色直方图调试记录

颜色直方图是在许多图像检索系统中被广泛采用的颜色特征。它所描述的是不同色彩在整幅图像中所占的比例，而并不关心每种色彩所处的空间位置，即无法描述图像中的对象或物体。颜色直方图特别适于描述那些难以进行自动分割的图像。

OpenCV对颜色直方图进行统计的代码如下所示

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "cv.h"  
#include "highgui.h" 
//#include <opencv2/highgui_c.h> 
#include <cxcore.h> 
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

int _tmain(int argc, char** argv)
{
	IplImage * src = cvLoadImage("e:\\test1.bmp");

	IplImage* hsv = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 3);
	IplImage* h_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
	IplImage* s_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
	IplImage* v_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
	IplImage* planes[] = { h_plane, s_plane };

	/** H 分量划分为16个等级，S分量划分为8个等级 */
	int h_bins = 16, s_bins = 8;
	int hist_size[] = { h_bins, s_bins };

	/** H 分量的变化范围 */
	float h_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };

	/** S 分量的变化范围*/
	float s_ranges[] = { 0, 255 };
	float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };

	/** 输入图像转换到HSV颜色空间 */
	cvCvtColor(src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV);
	cvCvtPixToPlane(hsv, h_plane, s_plane, v_plane, 0);

	/** 创建直方图，二维, 每个维度上均分 */
	CvHistogram * hist = cvCreateHist(2, hist_size, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges, 1);
	/** 根据H,S两个平面数据统计直方图 */
	cvCalcHist(planes, hist, 0, 0);

	/** 获取直方图统计的最大值，用于动态显示直方图 */
	float max_value;
	cvGetMinMaxHistValue(hist, 0, &max_value, 0, 0);


	/** 设置直方图显示图像 */
	int height = 240;
	int width = (h_bins*s_bins * 6);
	IplImage* hist_img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(width, height), 8, 3);
	cvZero(hist_img);

	/** 用来进行HSV到RGB颜色转换的临时单位图像 */
	IplImage * hsv_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1, 1), 8, 3);
	IplImage * rgb_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1, 1), 8, 3);
	int bin_w = width / (h_bins * s_bins);
	for (int h = 0; h < h_bins; h++)
	{
		for (int s = 0; s < s_bins; s++)
		{
			int i = h*s_bins + s;
			/** 获得直方图中的统计次数，计算显示在图像中的高度 */
			float bin_val = cvQueryHistValue_2D(hist, h, s);
			int intensity = cvRound(bin_val*height / max_value);

			/** 获得当前直方图代表的颜色，转换成RGB用于绘制 */
			cvSet2D(hsv_color, 0, 0, cvScalar(h*180.f / h_bins, s*255.f / s_bins, 255, 0));
			cvCvtColor(hsv_color, rgb_color, CV_HSV2BGR);
			CvScalar color = cvGet2D(rgb_color, 0, 0);

			cvRectangle(hist_img, cvPoint(i*bin_w, height),
				cvPoint((i + 1)*bin_w, height - intensity),
				color, -1, 8, 0);
		}
	}

	cvNamedWindow("Source", 1);
	cvShowImage("Source", src);

	cvNamedWindow("H-S Histogram", 1);
	cvShowImage("H-S Histogram", hist_img);

	cvWaitKey(0);
	
}

产生如下错误：

相应的IplImage* hsv = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 3);获取不到正确的数据，cvLoadImage("e:\\test1.bmp");应设置正确的路径。

输出如下：