四种线程池

newCachedThreadPool用法

代码

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ExecutorService cachedService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		
		for( int i = 0; i < 100; i ++) {
			cachedService.execute(new MyThread(i));
		}
		cachedService.shutdown();
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(" Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + index);;
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
			}
		}
		
	}

}

输出



特点

  • 会根据需要创建新线程,如果线程池中有可复用的,会先服用可用的。
  • 这个线程池典型的场景是改善 任务耗时短小的 异步任务。
  • 使用execute可以复用可用的线程。如果没有可用线程,会创建新线程并添加到线程池里。
  • 那些1分钟没有被使用的线程将被停止并从缓存里移除。

newCachedThreadPool实现

    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

可知

  • corePoolSize 为 0
  • maxPoolSize 为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。 无限大
  • keepAliveTime为 60 秒,便是 maxPoolSize - corePoolSize的那些线程可以存活的idle时间

newFixedThreadPool(int threadCount)

代码

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		// case 2 --------------------------------
		
		ExecutorService fixedService2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
		for ( int i = 0; i < 20; i ++) {
			fixedService2.execute(new MyThread(i));
		}
		
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(" Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + index);;
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
			}
		}
		
	}

}

输出


特点

  • 可以复用指定数目的线程
  • 如果请求的线程数目大于目前idle的,那么多余的请求将被等待,直到线程池中有可用的线程。
  • 如果有任何线程执行过程中停止了,将会新建一个线程代替。
  • 线程池中的线程一直存活,直到显式的使用shutdown关闭。

newFixedThreadPool实现

    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }
可知

  • corePoolSize 为指定大小
  • maxPoolSize 也为指定大小
  • keepAliveTime 为0,因为corePoolSize 与 maxPoolSize相同,所以并不影响

newScheduledThreadPool

定时延迟 + 循环执行 实例代码

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		int j = 0;
		// case 3 -------------------------------
		System.out.println( "  " + getDateStr() + " start ");
		ScheduledExecutorService scheduledService3 = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
		scheduledService3.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyThread(j++), 5, 20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
		scheduledService3.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyThread(j++), 3, 20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  ");
		}
		
	}
	
	public static String getDateStr() {
	       Date date = new Date();  
        

	       SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");

               return sdf.format(date);
       }
}

输出

延迟执行

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		
		int j = 0;
		// case 3 -------------------------------
		System.out.println( "  " + getDateStr() + " start ");
		ScheduledExecutorService scheduledService3 = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
		
		scheduledService3.schedule(new MyThread(j++), 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
		scheduledService3.schedule(new MyThread(j++), 15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  ");
		}
		
	}
	
	public static String getDateStr() {
		Date date = new Date();  
                SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
                return sdf.format(date);
	}

}

输出


newScheduledThreadPool的实现

    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

scheduleAtFixedRate特点

  • 支持定时及循环任务执行
  • 延迟定时,延迟的时间间隔是从调用开始开始计算的,并不受线程执行时间长短的影响
关于scheduleAtFixedRate schedule的时间并不受所执行时间长短的影响

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {	
		
		int j = 0;
		// case 3 -------------------------------
		System.out.println( "  " + getDateStr() + " start ");
		ScheduledExecutorService scheduledService3 = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

		scheduledService3.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyThread(j++), 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  +++++");
			
			try {
				Thread.sleep(8000);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
			}
			
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  -----");
		}
		
	}
	
	public static String getDateStr() {
		Date date = new Date();  
                SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
                return sdf.format(date);
	}

}

输出

scheduleWithFixedDelay:线程执行完毕开始计算,指定的delay的时间后执行

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		int j = 0;
		// case 3 -------------------------------
		System.out.println( "  " + getDateStr() + " start ");
		ScheduledExecutorService scheduledService3 = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

		scheduledService3.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new MyThread(j++), 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  +++++");
			
			try {
				Thread.sleep(8000);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
			}
			
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  -----");
		}
		
	}
	
	public static String getDateStr() {
		Date date = new Date();  
                SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
                return sdf.format(date);
	}

}

输出


newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor

代码

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		// case 4 -------------------------------
		int a = 0;
		ExecutorService singleThreadService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		
	}
	
	public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		
		public int index;
		
		public MyThread (int index) {
			this.index = index;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			System.out.println(index + " " + getDateStr() + "  Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() );
			
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
			}
		}
		
	}
	
	public static String getDateStr() {
		Date date = new Date();  
                SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
                return sdf.format(date);
	}

}

输出


实现

    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }

特点

  • corePoolSize = 1  maxPoolSize = 1;
  • 最多只开启一个线程,对于队列中的Runnable,挨个执行

线程池的关闭

shutdown代码

		int a = 0;
		ExecutorService singleThreadService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		singleThreadService.execute(new MyThread(a++));
		System.out.println("main  " + getDateStr() + "  shutdown ");
		singleThreadService.shutdown();

shutdown输出


shutdown特点

  • 等待已经有的线程执行完毕
  • 新附加的任务不再执行

四种实现的参数设置

 cachedThreadPoolfixedThreadPoolsingleThreadPoolscheduledThreadPool
corePoolSize0指定的大小1指定的大小
maxPoolSizeInteger.Max同corePoolSize1无实际意思(目前)
keepAliveTime60秒无实际意义无实际意义0







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