智能指针shared_ptr 的 reset使用

shared_ptr 的 reset() 有 4 个重载版本，如下：

1. void reset() noexcept; (1) (since C++11)

2. template< class Y >

3. void reset( Y* ptr ); (2) (since C++11)

4. template< class Y, class Deleter >

5. void reset( Y* ptr, Deleter d ); (3) (since C++11)

6. template< class Y, class Deleter, class Alloc >

7. void reset( Y* ptr, Deleter d, Alloc alloc ); (4) (since C++11)

常用到的应该是前 3 个版本，这里不举例第 4 个版本，因为我也没用过^_^ 

1，void reset() 版本

这个函数是最简单的，其作用：释放托管对象的所有权（如果有），调用后，该智能指针不再管理任何对象。注意，这里的释放并不是真正地去释放，只是引用计数减 1，而释放是引用计数为 0 时自行进行的。

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

16. void deleter(Foo *f)

17. {

18. delete []f;

19. }

22. int main()

23. {

24. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

25. {

26. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

28. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

29. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

31. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

32. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

33. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

34. sptr.reset(); // calls Foo's destructor here

35. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

36. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

37. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

39. return 0;

40. }

可以看到在调用 reset() 后，调用了对象的析构函数进行释放。我们看 reset() 的另一种情况：

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

17. int main()

18. {

19. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

20. {

21. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

23. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

24. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

26. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

27. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

28. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

29. sptr.reset(); // calls Foo's destructor here

30. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

31. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

32. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

34. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

35. {

36. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

38. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

39. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

41. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr1 = sptr;

42. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

43. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

44. std::cout << "call sptr1.reset()...\n";

45. sptr1.reset(); // not calls Foo's destructor here

46. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

47. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

48. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

49. return 0;

50. }

可以看到 Foo::bar = 100, use_count() = 2，此时两个智能指针都管理着 0x1029028 的资源，当调用 sptr1.reset(); 后，这个资源就少了一个管理者，所以 After reset(): use_count() = 1, sptr = 0x1029028，当离开作用域后，此资源才被释放。

2，模板版本带一个参数

template< class Y >
void reset( Y* ptr );  用ptr指向的对象替换托管对象

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

16. int main()

17. {

18. std::cout << "\n1) unique ownership\n";

19. {

20. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(200);

22. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

23. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

25. // Reset the shared_ptr, hand it a fresh instance of Foo.

26. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

27. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

28. sptr.reset(new Foo{222});

29. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

30. << ", sptr = " << sptr << "\nLeaving the scope...\n";

31. } // Calls Foo's destructor.

33. return 0;

34. }

可以看到在  sptr.reset(new Foo{222}); 后，释放了 0x17d1028 指向的资源，当前指向的资源为 0x17d1040，离开作用域后自动释放。

3， 模板版本还两个参数

template<class Y, class Deleter>

void reset(Y *ptr, Deleter d)

带删除器的版本只会用在数组对象释放的情况，如果是数组对象的情况下不用删除器，则行为是未定义的。如：

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

16. int main()

17. {

18. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

19. {

20. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

22. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

23. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

25. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

26. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

27. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

28. sptr.reset(new Foo[3]); // calls Foo's destructor here

29. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

30. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

31. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

33. return 0;

34. }

正确用法可以是这样：

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

16. void customDeleter(Foo *f)

17. {

18. if(f)

19. {

20. delete []f;

21. }

22. }

24. int main()

25. {

26. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

27. {

28. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

30. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

31. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

33. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

34. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

35. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

36. sptr.reset(new Foo[3], customDeleter); // calls Foo's destructor here

37. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

38. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

39. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

41. return 0;

42. }

 添加删除函数：

1. void customDeleter(Foo *f)

2. {

3. if(f)

4. {

5. delete []f;

6. }

7. }

reset 调用时指定删除器： sptr.reset(new Foo[3], customDeleter);

因为只有释放数组对象时才需要指定删除器，所以实现就是 delete []，我们看结果：

最后调用的 3 个析构函数。

还可以使用 std::default_delete 模板，如：sptr.reset(new Foo[3], std::default_delete<Foo[]>());

1. #include <memory>

2. #include <iostream>

4. struct Foo {

5. Foo(int n = 0) noexcept : bar(n) {

6. std::cout << "Foo::Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << '\n';

7. }

8. ~Foo() {

9. std::cout << "Foo::~Foo(), bar = " << bar << " @ " << this << "\n";

10. }

11. int getBar() const noexcept { return bar; }

12. private:

13. int bar;

14. };

17. int main()

18. {

19. std::cout << "1) unique ownership\n";

20. {

21. std::shared_ptr<Foo> sptr = std::make_shared<Foo>(100);

23. std::cout << "Foo::bar = " << sptr->getBar() << ", use_count() = "

24. << sptr.use_count() << '\n';

26. // Reset the shared_ptr without handing it a fresh instance of Foo.

27. // The old instance will be destroyed after this call.

28. std::cout << "call sptr.reset()...\n";

30. sptr.reset(new Foo[3], std::default_delete<Foo[]>());

31. std::cout << "After reset(): use_count() = " << sptr.use_count()

32. << ", sptr = " << sptr << '\n';

33. } // No call to Foo's destructor, it was done earlier in reset().

35. return 0;

36. }

 

同样释放正常。

智能指针shared_ptr 的 reset使用_智能指针reset-CSDN博客