poj 2773 （容斥原理 + 素数分解 + 二分）

题目链接：http://poj.org/problem?id=2773

题意：求第k个与m互素的数， 将m进行素因子分解， 假设为p1, p2, p3...pn可以用容斥原理求出与一个素因子不互素的数的个数， 减去与两个素因子的积不互素的数的个数， 在加上与三个。。。由于素因子的个数只有log级别所以我们可以用dfs快速得到与m不互素的数的个数，再根据这个值进行二分即可， 细节详见代码。

#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <deque>
#include <stack>
#include <bitset>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <utility>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1000005;
typedef long long LL;
const LL INF = 1LL << 60;

int prime[N];
int fac[N];
bool vis[N];
int lim;

void sieve(int n) {
	int m = sqrt(n + 0.5);
	for (int i = 2; i <= m; i++) if (!vis[i])
		for (int j = i * i; j <= n; j += i) vis[j] = 1;
}

int get_primes(int n) {
	sieve(n);
	int c = 0;
	for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
		if (!vis[i])
			prime[c++] = i;
	return c;
}

void dfs(int id, LL now, LL& res, bool flag, LL v) {
	if (id == lim) return;
	dfs(id + 1, now, res, flag, v);
	LL key = now * fac[id];
	if (flag)
		res += v / key;
	else
		res -= v / key;
	dfs(id + 1, key, res, !flag, v);
}

LL jud(LL val) {
	LL res = 0;
	dfs(0, 1, res, 1, val);
	return val - res;
}

int main() {
	int c = get_primes(N - 5);
	int m, k, tar;
	while (~scanf("%d%d", &m, &k)) {
		if (k == 1) {
			puts("1");
			continue;
		}
		
		tar = m;
		lim = 0;
		for (int i = 0; prime[i] <= m; i++) {
			while (m % prime[i] == 0) {
				fac[lim++] = prime[i];
				m /= prime[i];
			}
		}

		lim = unique(fac, fac + lim) - fac;
				
		LL L = 2, R = INF;
		while (L <= R) {
			LL mid = L + R >> 1;
			if (jud(mid) >= k)
				R = mid - 1;
			else
				L = mid + 1;
		}

		printf("%lld\n", L);
	}
	return 0;
}