OSPF-2

 

单个区域,会造成非常多的LSAs,路由表过大,占用过多带宽

分区域设计,减少路由更新流量

 

典型的组网图

Types of OSPF Routers

 


ABR
ASBR   (OSPF RIP EIGRP )
 

 


LSA Type 1 :Router LSA


1、传播范围(本区域)
2、通知者,谁产生的(路由器)
3、包含的内容(拓扑信息,路由)

 

 

 

           Links ID        ADV Router
LSA1    RID              
RID



实验

 

R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         30          0x80000003 0x0067F8 3
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         18          0x80000002 0x000751 3
R1#show ip route 

      1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:41, Serial2/0
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
L        12.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0

 在同一区域中,数据库是一致的

R1#show ip ospf database router 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 634
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.1
  Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
  LS Seq Number: 80000003
  Checksum: 0x67F8
  Length: 60
  Number of Links: 3

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 1.1.1.1
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 2.2.2.2
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 12.1.1.1
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 12.1.1.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64


  LS age: 623
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0x751
  Length: 60
  Number of Links: 3

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 2.2.2.2
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 1.1.1.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 12.1.1.2
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 12.1.1.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64


LSA Type 2:Network LSA

MA

传播范围,本区域

通告者:DR

内容:拓扑信息和路由信息


One network [type 2] LSA for each transit broadcast or NBMA network in an area
--Includes list of attached routers on the transit link   拓扑信息
--Includes subnet mask of link    掩码路由
Advertised by the DR of the broadcast network
Floods within its area only:does not cross ABR


示例

拓扑图

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:30    100.1.1.2       Ethernet0/0
R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         315         0x80000001 0x009DB4 1
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         316         0x80000002 0x005DEA 1

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
100.1.1.2       2.2.2.2         316         0x80000001 0x009528


                Links ID                 ADV Router
LSA2    DR的IP地址              
DR'sRID



 

R1#show ip ospf database  network 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Net Link States (Area 0)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 558
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Network Links
  Link State ID: 100.1.1.2 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x9528
  Length: 32
  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 2.2.2.2
        Attached Router: 1.1.1.1



LSA Type 3:Summary LSA

 

                Links ID                 ADV Router
LSA3          路由              
 
        ABR 的RID

实验

拓扑图

 

从R4显示的数据库看到ADV为ABR的router-id 2.2.2.2

R4#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1104        0x80000002 0x0017C6 1
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         1103        0x80000003 0x00DECB 2

                Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
24.1.1.4        4.4.4.4         1103        0x80000001 0x009B58

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         2.2.2.2         1103        0x80000002 0x008B99
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         27          0x80000001 0x00FA31
100.1.1.0       2.2.2.2         1103        0x80000002 0x007F44

    三条路由信息

R4#show ip ospf database summary 

            OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 110)

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 1698
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.1 (summary Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0x8B99
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /32
        MTID: 0         Metric: 11 

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 621
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2 (summary Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0xFA31
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /32
        MTID: 0         Metric: 1 

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 1717
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
  Link State ID: 100.1.1.0 (summary Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0x7F44
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /24

扩展

 

关注R4的4.4.4.4这条路由信息

R2数据库

R2#show ip ospf database  

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         316         0x80000011 0x004EDD 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1481        0x80000012 0x003CE1 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
100.1.1.2       2.2.2.2         1259        0x80000002 0x009329

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
4.4.4.4         2.2.2.2         739         0x80000002 0x000118
13.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         304         0x80000001 0x000F11
24.1.1.0        2.2.2.2         739         0x80000002 0x005FB0

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         739         0x80000003 0x0015C7 1
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         701         0x80000004 0x00DCCC 2

                Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
24.1.1.4        4.4.4.4         701         0x80000002 0x009959

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         2.2.2.2         740         0x80000003 0x00899A
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1478        0x80000001 0x00FA31
13.1.1.0        2.2.2.2         305         0x80000001 0x0055BC
100.1.1.0       2.2.2.2         740         0x80000003 0x007D45

R1数据库

R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         722         0x80000011 0x004EDD 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1889        0x80000012 0x003CE1 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
100.1.1.2       2.2.2.2         1667        0x80000002 0x009329

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
4.4.4.4         2.2.2.2         1147        0x80000002 0x000118
13.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         710         0x80000001 0x000F11
24.1.1.0        2.2.2.2         1147        0x80000002 0x005FB0

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         722         0x80000008 0x0046EC 0
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         3653        0x80000004 0x005404 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         723         0x80000001 0x0047EC
2.2.2.2         1.1.1.1         723         0x80000001 0x007DA8
4.4.4.4         1.1.1.1         723         0x80000001 0x00858E
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         3654        0x80000001 0x0062B9
13.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         711         0x80000001 0x000F11
24.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         723         0x80000001 0x00E327
100.1.1.0       1.1.1.1         723         0x80000001 0x009F29

                Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         678         0x80000002 0x008479 1
13.1.1.3        13.1.1.3        679         0x80000002 0x00746C 1

                Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
13.1.1.3        13.1.1.3        679         0x80000001 0x00E619

                Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         721         0x80000001 0x0047EC
2.2.2.2         1.1.1.1         721         0x80000001 0x007DA8
4.4.4.4         1.1.1.1         721         0x80000001 0x00858E
24.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         721         0x80000001 0x00E327
100.1.1.0       1.1.1.1         721         0x80000001 0x009F29

穿越一个ABR就会标识我这个ABR的路由ID

LSA Type 5: External LSA

 

          Links ID        ADV Router
LSA5    Route(E)          
ASBR'sRID

 

 

实验

将rip路由重分布到OSPF中

R3(config)#router ospf 110
R3(config-router)#redistribute rip  subnets

 R3为ASBR

R1#show ip ospf border-routers 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)


                Base Topology (MTID 0)

Internal Router Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route

i 2.2.2.2 [10] via 100.1.1.2, Ethernet0/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 30
i 13.1.1.3 [10] via 13.1.1.3, Ethernet0/1, ASBR, Area 2, SPF 4

 在R4上查看路由表

R1#show ip route 
      E2 - OSPF external type 2
      

      1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 100.1.1.2, 00:44:24, Ethernet0/0
      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     4.4.4.4 [110/21] via 100.1.1.2, 00:44:24, Ethernet0/0
      5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2     5.5.5.0 [110/20] via 13.1.1.3, 00:04:46, Ethernet0/1
      13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        13.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
      24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     24.1.1.0 [110/20] via 100.1.1.2, 00:44:25, Ethernet0/0
      35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2     35.1.1.0 [110/20] via 13.1.1.3, 00:04:47, Ethernet0/1
      100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        100.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        100.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

 R1数据库

R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 110)

                Router Link States (Area 0)【LSA1】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         926         0x80000012 0x004CDE 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         40          0x80000014 0x0038E3 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)【LSA2】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
100.1.1.2       2.2.2.2         1839        0x80000003 0x00912A

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)【LSA3】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
4.4.4.4         2.2.2.2         1322        0x80000003 0x00FE19
13.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         926         0x80000002 0x000D12
24.1.1.0        2.2.2.2         1322        0x80000003 0x005DB1

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)【LSA4】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
13.1.1.3        1.1.1.1         546         0x80000001 0x00E239

                Router Link States (Area 1)【LSA1】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000009 0x0044ED 0

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x0045ED
2.2.2.2         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x007BA9
4.4.4.4         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x00838F
13.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x000D12
24.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x00E128
100.1.1.0       1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x009D2A

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)【LSA4】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
13.1.1.3        1.1.1.1         546         0x80000001 0x00E239

                Router Link States (Area 2)【LSA1】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000003 0x00827A 1
13.1.1.3        13.1.1.3        552         0x80000004 0x007666 1

                Net Link States (Area 2)【LSA2】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
13.1.1.3        13.1.1.3        1000        0x80000002 0x00E41A

                Summary Net Link States (Area 2)【LSA3】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x0045ED
2.2.2.2         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x007BA9
4.4.4.4         1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x00838F
24.1.1.0        1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x00E128
100.1.1.0       1.1.1.1         927         0x80000002 0x009D2A

                Type-5 AS External Link States【LSA5】

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
5.5.5.0         13.1.1.3        552         0x80000001 0x009CE2 0
35.1.1.0        13.1.1.3        552         0x80000001 0x0071F7 0

 

LSA Type 4 :Summary ASB  LSA

 

从R1 的数据库中可以看到 只有area 2没有Summary ASB,area1和area0中都有。area2中通过LSA1就可以知道是ASBR ,LSA1只能在本区域内传播。

AS Boundary Router(ASBR)

        
  LS age: 1608
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 13.1.1.3
  Advertising Router: 13.1.1.3
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x7666
  Length: 36
## ASBR路由器
  AS Boundary Router
  Number of Links: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 13.1.1.3
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 13.1.1.3
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10

传播范围:整个区域,除了ASBR所在的区域

                 Links ID                         ADV Router
LSA4       ASBR 的RID          
ABR'sRID(穿越一个ABR就会标识ABR的RID)

 

 

1类 路由信息(域内)

2类 

3类 路由信息

4类 找ASBR 的位置

5 类 路由信息

 

Seed Cost =20  (种子COST值)

改E1


R3(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric-type 1

 

 

R4#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 24.1.1.2, 03:56:04, Ethernet0/1
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 24.1.1.2, 03:56:04, Ethernet0/1
      4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        4.4.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        4.4.4.4/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E1     5.5.5.0 [110/50] via 24.1.1.2, 00:01:09, Ethernet0/1
      13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     13.1.1.0 [110/30] via 24.1.1.2, 03:56:04, Ethernet0/1
      24.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        24.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        24.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
      35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E1     35.1.1.0 [110/50] via 24.1.1.2, 00:01:10, Ethernet0/1
      100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     100.1.1.0 [110/20] via 24.1.1.2, 03:56:05, Ethernet0/1

选路修改seed 值

 R3(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric-type 1 metric 10

 

R4#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 24.1.1.2, 04:00:02, Ethernet0/1
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 24.1.1.2, 04:00:02, Ethernet0/1
      4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        4.4.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        4.4.4.4/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E1     5.5.5.0 [110/40] via 24.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1
      13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     13.1.1.0 [110/30] via 24.1.1.2, 04:00:02, Ethernet0/1
      24.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        24.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        24.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
      35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E1     35.1.1.0 [110/40] via 24.1.1.2, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1
      100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     100.1.1.0 [110/20] via 24.1.1.2, 04:00:04, Ethernet0/1

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OSPF LSDB Overload Protection

实验

IOU2(config-router)#max-lsa 4 ignore-time 1
IOU2(config-router)#
*Apr  9 13:05:34.103: %OSPF-4-OSPF_MAX_LSA_THR: Threshold for maximum number of non self-generated LSA has been reached "ospf 110" - 3 LSAs
*Apr  9 13:05:34.103: %OSPF-4-OSPF_MAX_LSA: Maximum number of non self-generated LSA has been exceeded "ospf 110" - 5 LSAs
IOU2(config-router)#
*Apr  9 13:06:34.175: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 110, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

 

 

Change the Cost Metric

 

 ___________________________________________________________________________________

OSPF Route Summarization

 

R2上做三条路由

202.96.16.1/24           0001 0000

202.96.17.1/24           0001 0001

202.96.18.1/24           0001 0010

202.96.19.1/24           0001 0011

/22

11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000

128 192 224 240 248 252 

network 202.96.0.0 0.0.255.255 area0

area 0 ranage 202.96.16.0 255.255.252.0

R2 和R1 上都做路由汇总

汇总需要注意的4点

      1,基于进程还是接口

      2,Null,本地产生汇总路由

     3,明细路由消失

      4,汇总路由cost值是 明细路由中最小的

 

 

域外汇总

R5

198.8.8.5/24

198.8.9.5/24

00001000

00001001

R3 

summary -address 198.8.8.0 255.255.255.254.0

tag 标记

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Default Routes in OSPF

向OSPF区域发布默认路由,两种方法

1、a,          default-information originate

去往Internet的路由器上 进程下配置 

    b,本地要有默认路由 0.0.0.0

需要两步完成,5类LSA  ,cost 值为1 

2、default-information originate always

       通过其它路由协议访问Internet

 

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