BGP3

  1、传播范围

2、默认值

3、值大好还是小好

8、Prefer the path through the closest iGP neighbor.

11，65，环回口

R3#show ip bgp 2.2.2.0/24

BGP routing table entry for 2.2.2.0/24, version 3

Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default)

  Not advertised to any peer

  2

    1.1.1.1 (metric 65) from 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal

  2

    4.4.4.4 (metric 11) from 4.4.4.4 (4.4.4.4)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 

        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O         1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 13.1.1.1, 00:33:44, Serial2/0

      2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B        2.2.2.0 [200/0] via 4.4.4.4, 00:06:14

      3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C         3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0

L         3.3.3.3/32 is directly connected, Loopback0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O         4.4.4.4 [110/11] via 34.1.1.4, 00:31:22, Ethernet0/1

      13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C         13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

L         13.1.1.3/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0

      34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C         34.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

L         34.1.1.3/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

R2再增加一条路由，9.9.9.0/24,    R3 访问2.2.20/24 和9.9.9.9   从R1 上走, 默认从R4上走，人为控制选路

weight值

默认weight为32768

R2#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 1, local router ID is 2.2.2.2

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

    Network           Next Hop             Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*   2.2.2.0/24       0.0.0.0                   0         32768 i

*   9.9.9.0/24       0.0.0.0                   0         32768 i

R1#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 1.1.1.1

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

    Network           Next Hop             Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 2.2.2.0/24       12.1.1.2                 0             0 2 i

*> 9.9.9.0/24       12.1.1.2                 0             0 2 i

R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 weight 1 //默认in方向

R3#clear ip bgp   * soft 

weight调为1 ，从R1上走

2.2.2.0/24从r1走，9.9.9.0/24从r4走

R3上的配置

ip prefix-list 2 seq 5 permit 2.2.2.0/24

route-map W permit 10

  match ip address prefix-list 2

  set weight 3

route-map W permit 20

router bgp 1

  no synchronization

  bgp router-id 3.3.3.3

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

  neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 1

  neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0

  neighbor 1.1.1.1 route-map W in

  neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 1

  neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0

  no auto-summary

结果

Weight Attribute(Cisco Only)

Local Preference Attribute

Path with highest local preference value are preferred:

• Local preference is used to advertise to IBGP neighbors about how to leave their AS.
• The local preference is sent to IBGP neighbors only (that is ,within the AS only).
• The local preference attribute is well-known and discretionary.
• Default value is 100

默认路由从R4上走，通过设置R1的local preference attribute，使路由从r1上走

R1(config-router)#bgp default local-preference 111

R3#show ip bgp 2.2.2.0/24

BGP routing table entry for 2.2.2.0/24, version 4

Paths: (2 available, best #1, table default)

  Not advertised to any peer

  2

    1.1.1.1 (metric 65) from 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 111, valid, internal, best

  2

    4.4.4.4 (metric 11) from 4.4.4.4 (4.4.4.4)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal

1、network ???

2、ebgp ???

3、IGBP ???

4、agg ??

做路由分担，2.2.2.0/24从r1上走，9.9.9.0/24从r4上走

R1 上配置

R3访问2.2.2.0/24 网络通过r1,设置As path来实现

从出方向设置，R2发给R42.2.2..0/24path增加，

R2

  set as-path prepend 6 7 8 

neighbor 24.1.1.4 route-map AS out

当R2把这条路由发出去之前，已经有了 6 7 8 AS号

IN方向

人为修改AS PATH弊端

容易造成EBGP环路。

prepend 自己的AS号

MED Attribute

The path with the lowest MED (also called the metric) value are the most desirable

-MED is used t advertise to EBGP neighbors how to exit their AS to reach networks owned by this AS.

The MED attribute is optional and nontransitive.

通过设置MED属性，使R2去8.8.8.0/24,通过R4走。

R1上通过设置MED属性大于0，则可以使远端EBGP R2 去往8.8.8.0/24通过r4走

设置之前

设置之后

R1#debug ip bgp updates 

最常用的这两个

local preference

MED

由于水平分割的问题，在IBGP中，R1发给R3的路由，R3,不会发给R4,如下图。

解决IBGP的水平分割：

1、路由反射器

2、联邦

 

R1

router bgp 64512

  no synchronization

  bgp router-id 1.1.1.1

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

  bgp confederation identifier 1

 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 64512

 neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0

 neighbor 3.3.3.3 next-hop-self

  neighbor 12.1.1.2 remote-as 2

  no auto-summary

R3

!

router bgp 64512

  no synchronization

  bgp router-id 3.3.3.3

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

 bgp confederation identifier 1

 bgp confederation peers 64513 

  neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 64512

  neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0

  neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 64513

 neighbor 4.4.4.4 ebgp-multihop 255

  neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0

  no auto-summary

R4

router bgp 64513

  no synchronization

  bgp router-id 4.4.4.4

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

 bgp confederation identifier 1

 bgp confederation peers 64512 

 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 64512

 neighbor 3.3.3.3 ebgp-multihop 255

  neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0

  no auto-summary

R4#show ip route bgp

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 

        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B         2.2.2.0 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:54

R4#show ip bgp 2.2.2.2/24

BGP routing table entry for 2.2.2.0/24, version 2

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default)

  Not advertised to any peer

  (64512) 2

    1.1.1.1 (metric 75) from 3.3.3.3 (3.3.3.3)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external, best

R4#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 4.4.4.4

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

    Network           Next Hop             Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 2.2.2.0/24       1.1.1.1                   0     100       0 (64512) 2 i

_____________________________________________________________________________________

  社团属性:community

可选：路由器可能不识别此属性.(default)

neighbor x.x.x.x. send-community

传递;些属性只在nei的邻居有效

neighbor x.x.x.x send-community

R2

route-map COM permit 10

  set community no-advertise

router bgp 2

  no synchronization

  bgp router-id 2.2.2.2

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

  network 2.2.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0

  neighbor 12.1.1.1 remote-as 1

  neighbor 12.1.1.1 send-community

 neighbor 12.1.1.1 route-map COM out

  neighbor 24.1.1.4 remote-as 1

  neighbor 24.1.1.4 route-map AS out

  no auto-summary

R1#show ip bgp 2.2.2.2/24

BGP routing table entry for 2.2.2.0/24, version 3

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default, not advertised to any peer)

  Not advertised to any peer

  2

    12.1.1.2 from 12.1.1.2 (2.2.2.2)

      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external, best

      Community: no-advertise

no-advertise   , 携带此属性的路由不会通知给任何给BGP邻居。

no-export:携带此属性的路由不会传出大AS

local-AS:携带此属性的路由不会传出小AS.