基础计算机网络——因特网概述 (Overview of Internet)笔记

【Internet core and edge 因特网的核心与边缘】

1. Edge: application and host

2.Core: routers and network of networks

【Connection-oriented and Conectionless-oriented service 面向连接的服务与非面向连接的服务】

In connection-oriented service, it provides 

1. reliable data transfer (prevent data loss), 

2. flow control (to prevent from overwhelming the receiver), 

3. congestion control (to slow down sending rate when network is congested).

【Circuit switching and packet switching 线路交换与数据包交换】

1. Circuit switching: 

    A. Network resources divided into "pieces"

    B. FDMA & TDMA

    C. No sharing

    D. Call setup

    E. Divide bandwidth into several "pieces"

2. Packet switching: 

    A. Data stream divided into "packets"

    B, Resources used as needed

    C. Statistical multiplexing

    D. No call setup

    E. No resource sharing

    F. Each packet uses full link bandwidth 

【Delay and loss 延迟与丢包】

1. store and forward: entire packet must arrive at the router before it can be transmitted on next link (solution:message segement)

2. loss: arriving packets are dropped if no free buffers

3. packet delay: 

    A. nodal delay

    B. queuing

    C. transmission delay

    D. propagation delay

4. packet loss: buffer has finite capacity and buffer is full; packet arrives to full queue

【Internet layer 因特网分层】

1. Application: support network application  (message)

2. Transport: host to host data transfer (segment)

3. Network: routing of datagram form src to dst (datagram)

4. Link: data transfer between neighboring network elements (frame)

5. Physical: bits on the wire