这篇文章主要来源于 Eclipse搭建SSH(Struts2+Spring3+Hibernate3)框架项目教程,主要是实现了文章中的这个小例子,然后分享最后SSH搭建的过程,并且解决了搭建过程中各种缺少jar包以及jar包冲突的问题。最后,对作者表示感谢!
一、使用Eclipse新建一个Dynamic Web Project
创建过程省略,注意的是在最后一步要勾选web.xml生成选项:
项目创建完成以后,创建项目结构,最后如图所示:
创建以上文件,完成目录结构。然后需要在lib中引入Struts2,Spring4,Hibernate4,以及Mysql-connector-Java等51个jar包。将jar包拷贝到lib文件夹,然后刷新文件夹,右键Build path 添加jar包。jar包下载传送门。
二、编写相关Bean:
1. com.yanming.ssh.action:
主要有两个文件:RegisterAction.java 和RegisterAction-validation.xml。 RegisterAction定义Struts中的action,RegisterAction-validation.xml定义验证方式。这种方式就是使用validate框架来实现输入校验,是基于XML的验证。结果如下:
RegisterAction.java
package com.yanming.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yanming.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.yanming.ssh.service.UserManager;
import com.yanming.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
代码逻辑是,在获取了User信息以后,调用UserManager中的regUser函数,保存用户信息,返回状态。
RegisterAction-validation.xml:
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 添加对用户名的校验 -->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="regex"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>用户名输入不合法,必须为长度在6~16中间的数字或字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!-- 添加对密码的校验 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="regex"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>密码输入不合法,必须为长度在6~16之间的数字或者字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
2.com.yanming.ssh.beans:
主要有两个文件User.java 和User.hbm.xml。User.java定义了与数据库中相对应的类。User.hbm.xml则是Hibernate 与User之间的映射。
User.java:
package com.yanming.ssh.beans;
public class User {
private int userId;
private String username;
private String password;
private int gender;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(int userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
}
User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="com.yanming.ssh.beans">
<class name="User" table="user">
<id name="userId" column="userId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="username" column="userName" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16"></property>
<property name="password" column="password" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16" />
<property name="gender" column="gender" type="java.lang.Integer" length="1" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
3.com.yanming.ssh.dao:
主要是BaseDao接口,定义saveObj()函数,用于保存User实体
4.com.yanming.ssh.daoImpl:
在UserDao.java 实现BaseDao接口。UserDao.java内容如下:
package com.yanming.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.yanming.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao implements BaseDao {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
@Autowired
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
private Session getCurrentSession() {
return sessionFactory.openSession();
// return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
this.getCurrentSession().save(obj);
}
}
解释一下这里Session的用法。Session的主要功能是提供对映射的实体类实例的创建,读取和删除操作。实例可能以下面三种状态存在:自由状态(transient): 不曾进行持久化,未与任何Session相关联
持久化状态(persistent): 仅与一个Session相关联
游离状态(detached): 已经进行过持久化,但当前未与任何Session相关联
游离状态的实例可以通过调用save()、persist()或者saveOrUpdate()方法进行持久化。持久化实例可以通过调用 delete()变成游离状态。通过get()或load()方法得到的实例都是持久化状态的。游离状态的实例可以通过调用 update()、0saveOrUpdate()、lock()或者replicate()进行持久化。游离或者自由状态下的实例可以通过调用merge()方法成为一个新的持久化实例。
save()和persist()将会引发SQL的INSERT,delete()会引发SQLDELETE,而update()或merge()会引发SQLUPDATE。
在UserDao中,我们创建一个SessionFactory(设计模式中的工厂模式),从SessionFactory获取一个Session,然后调用行save()函数,保存实体。
5.com.yanming.ssh.forms:
这个主要是UserForm.java文件。这个java文件和User几乎一样,只是缺少了userId。在我们实际的注册的时候,我们获取的用户名密码,组成UserForm,然后调用UserManagerImpl中的BeanUtils.copyProperties,将UserForm转换成User(添加了自增的id这个字段),然后才能持久化用户信息。这里不再列出。
6.com.yanming.ssh.service:
在UserManager.java中定义regUser方法,用于保存用户。
7.com.yanming.ssh.serviceImpl
在UserManagerImpl中实现保存用户的方法:将前面得到的UserForm转换为User,然后调用UserDao,进行持久化。
UserManagerImpl.java:
package com.yanming.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import com.yanming.ssh.beans.User;
import com.yanming.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.yanming.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.yanming.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
public void setDao(BaseDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(userForm, user);
dao.saveObject(user);
}
}
到此为止,登录流程中所有使用到的Bean就编写完毕了,接下来就是编写配置文件,整合Struts2、Spring和Hibernate
三、Struts2、Spring和Hibernate整合:
1.web.xml:定义Struts拦截器,加载Spring中的应用上下文(配置Bean)applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>MySSH</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
2.applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 定义数据源的信息 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shixun</value>
</property>
<property name="user">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">
<value>80</value>
</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">
<value>20</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义Hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<!-- SessionFactory使用的数据源为上面的数据源 -->
<!-- 指定了Hibernate的映射文件和配置信息 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/yanming/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hiberante.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">false</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="baseDao" class="com.yanming.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--用户注册业务逻辑类 -->
<bean id="userManager" class="com.yanming.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl">
<property name="dao">
<ref bean="baseDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用户注册的Action -->
<bean id="registerAction" class="com.yanming.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<property name="userManager">
<ref bean="userManager" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- more bean definitions go here -->
</beans>
配置数据源、数据库连接池、配置Hibernate中的SessionFactory以及映射关系以及各种Bean注入
3.配置Struts拦截器:
struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
<package name="yanming" namespace ="/" extends="struts-default" >
<action name="register" class="registerAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="welcome" >
<result>/Register.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
4. 四个jsp文件:
Fail.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Fail
</body>
</html>
index.jsp (做了重定向到Register.jsp)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv='refresh' content='2;url=/MySSH/welcome.action'>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好<h1>
<h3>即将跳转到注册界面······<h3>
</body>
</html>
Register.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>User Register Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="register">
<s:textfield name="user.username" label="用户名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="user.password" label="密码"></s:password>
<s:select list="#{'1':'男','0':'女'}" listKey="key" listValue="value"
name="user.gender" label="性别" value="1"></s:select>
<s:submit value="注册"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
Success.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
注册成功!<s:property value="user.username"/>
</body>
</html>
四、运行结果:
主页:
注册:
注册成功:
参考文章:
1.SSH框架整合
2.Eclipse搭建SSH(Struts2+Spring3+Hibernate3)框架项目教程
3.[SSH] Eclipse+Struts2+Hibernate4+Spring4的整合
(Jar包可能出现问题,请重新bulid path)
P.S.文章不妥之处还望指正