原题链接:https://vjudge.net/problem/UVA-10618
分类:多维DP
备注:多阶段决策问题
主要还是参考了别人的解法,但理解起来很容易。
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
// 0-up 1-left 2-right 3-down
// 0:neither 1:left 2:right
char inp[100];
int n, d[100][4][4][3], rec[100][4][4][3];
inline int cost(int pp, int np, int s, int ne) {
if (ne != s) return 1;
else {
if (pp == np) return 3;
else if (pp + np == 3) return 7;
else return 5;
}
}
// 如果没发生位置的改变, 则tag为1.
int dp(int i, int a, int b, int s, int tag) {
if ((a == 2 && b == 1) || a == b) return INF;
if (((b == 1 && s == 1) || (a == 2 && s == 2)) && !tag) return INF;
if (i == n) return 0;
if (d[i][a][b][s] != -1) return d[i][a][b][s];
int& res = d[i][a][b][s];
res = INF;
if (inp[i] == '.') { // 没有特别要求
for (int op = 0; op < 4; op++) {
if (dp(i + 1, op, b, 1, op == a) + cost(a, op, s, 1) < res) {
res = dp(i + 1, op, b, 1, op == a) + cost(a, op, s, 1);
rec[i][a][b][s] = 4 + op;
}
if (dp(i + 1, a, op, 2, op == b) + cost(b, op, s, 2) < res) {
res = dp(i + 1, a, op, 2, op == b) + cost(b, op, s, 2);
rec[i][a][b][s] = 8 + op;
}
}
if (dp(i + 1, a, b, 0, 1) < res) {
res = dp(i + 1, a, b, 0, 1);
rec[i][a][b][s] = 0;
}
} else { // 必须踩箭头
if (dp(i + 1, inp[i], b, 1, inp[i] == a) + cost(a, inp[i], s, 1) < res) {
res = dp(i + 1, inp[i], b, 1, inp[i] == a) + cost(a, inp[i], s, 1);
rec[i][a][b][s] = 4 + inp[i];
}
if (dp(i + 1, a, inp[i], 2, inp[i] == b) + cost(b, inp[i], s, 2) < res) {
res = dp(i + 1, a, inp[i], 2, inp[i] == b) + cost(b, inp[i], s, 2);
rec[i][a][b][s] = 8 + inp[i];
}
}
return res;
}
int main(void) {
// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
while (~scanf("%s", inp) && inp[0] != '#') {
n = strlen(inp);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (inp[i] == 'U') inp[i] = 0;
if (inp[i] == 'L') inp[i] = 1;
if (inp[i] == 'R') inp[i] = 2;
if (inp[i] == 'D') inp[i] = 3;
}
memset(d, -1, sizeof(d));
dp(0, 1, 2, 0, 1);
int a = 1, b = 2, s = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int foot = rec[i][a][b][s] / 4;
int npos = rec[i][a][b][s] % 4;
if (foot == 0) printf(".");
else if (foot == 1) printf("L");
else printf("R");
s = foot;
if (foot == 1) a = npos;
else if (foot == 2) b = npos;
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}