条件控制（test，expr……）

[b]测试文件状态[/b]
test
test一般有两种格式，即：
test condition
或
[ condition ]
使用方括号时，要注意在条件两边加上空格。测试文件状态的条件表达式很多，但是最常用的可在下表中查到。
[table]
|-d| 目录 |-s |文件长度大于0、非空|
|-f| 正规文件 |-w |可写|
|-L| 符号连接 |-u |文件有suid位设置|
|-r| 可读 |-x |可执行|
[/table]

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >test -d sed.out
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >test -f sed.out
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -f sed.out ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -d sed.out ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -x sed.out ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -r sed.out ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -w sed.out ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

[b]测试时使用逻辑操作符[/b]
测试文件状态是否为OK，但是有时要比较两个文件状态。shell提供三种逻辑操作完成此功能。
-a 逻辑与，操作符两边均为真，结果为真，否则为假。
-o 逻辑或，操作符两边一边为真，结果为真，否则为假。
! 逻辑否，条件为假，结果为真。
下面比较两个文件sed.out、sed.txt：

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >ls -al sed.out sed.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 tomotoboy member       159 Jul 30 16:47 sed.out
-rw-r--r--   1 tomotoboy member       655 Jul 31 14:44 sed.txt
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -w sed.out -a -w sed.txt ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -x sed.out -a -r sed.txt]
-bash: [: missing `]'
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -x sed.out -a -r sed.txt ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -x sed.out -o -r sed.txt ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

[b]字符串测试[/b]
字符串测试是错误捕获很重要的一部分，特别在测试用户输入或比较变量时尤为重要。字符串测试有5种格式：
test "string"
test string_operator "string"
test "string" string_operator "string"
[ string_operator "string" ]
[ "string" string_operator "string" ]
这里，string_operator可为：
[table]
|= |两个字符串相等。|
|!= |两个字符串不等。|
|-z |空串。|
|-n |非空串。|
[/table]

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -z $HELLO ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >HELLO="hello"
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -z $HELLO ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ -n $HELLO ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ !-n $HELLO ]
[ nohup -p 1 $HELLO ]
-bash: [: too many arguments
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ ![ -n $HELLO ] ]
[ [ -z $HELLO ] -n $HELLO ] ]
-bash: [: too many arguments
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >HI="hi"
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ $HELLO = $HI]
-bash: [: missing `]'
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ $HELLO = $HI ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ $HELLO != $HI ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

[b]测试数值[/b]
测试数值可以使用许多操作符，一般格式如下：
"number" numeric_operator "number"
或者
[ "number" numeric_operator "number" ]
numeric_operator可为：
[table]
|-eq |数值相等。|
|-ne |数值不相等。|
|-gt |第一个数大于第二个数。|
|-lt |第一个数小于第二个数。|
|-le |第一个数小于等于第二个数。|
|-ge |第一个数大于等于第二个数。|
[/table]

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >Nbr=10
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >Nbr1=20
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >Nbr -ne Nbr1
-bash: Nbr: command not found
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >$Nbr -ne $Nbr1
-bash: 10: command not found
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -ne "$Nbr1" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -e "$Nbr1" ]
-bash: [: -e: binary operator expected
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -eq "$Nbr1" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -gt "$Nbr1" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo 4?
4?
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -gt "$Nbr1" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
1

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "$Nbr" -lt "$Nbr1" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

可以不必将整数值放入变量，直接用数字比较即可，但要加引号。

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >[ "99" -ge "60" ]
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

[b]expr用法[/b]
expr命令一般用于整数值，但也可用于字符串。一般格式为：
expr argument operator argument
expr也是一个手工命令行计数器。

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr 10 + 10
20

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr 45 / 4
11

使用乘号时，必须用反斜线屏蔽其特定含义。因为shell可能会误解显示星号的意义

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr 30 \* 100
3000

[b]增量计数[/b]expr在循环中用于增量计算。首先，循环初始化为 0，然后循环值加1，反引号的用法意即替代命令。最基本的一种是从（expr）命令接受输出并将之放入循环变量

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >loop=0
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >loop=`expr $loop + 1`
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $loop
1

[b]数值测试[/b]
可以用expr测试一个数。如果试图计算非整数，将返回错误。
/

home/l/g/tomotoboy >f=1.1
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr f + 10
expr: non-numeric argument
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
2

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $HELLO + 10
expr: non-numeric argument
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
2

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr "$HELLO"  + 10
expr: non-numeric argument
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
2

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $f + 10
expr: non-numeric argument

expr也可以返回其本身的退出状态，不幸的是返回值与系统最后退出命令刚好相反，成功返回1，任何其他值为无效或错误。下面的例子测试两个字符串是否相等，这里字符串为“hello”和“hello” 。

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $HELLO = "hello"
1
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >echo $?
0

[b]模式匹配[/b]
expr也有模式匹配功能。可以使用expr通过指定冒号选项计算字符串中字符数。.*意即任何字符重复0次或多次.

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >cat sed.txt
605408211   pts/16       Jul 31 13:54   (218.0.1.42)
caodejun   pts/44       Jul 31 14:16    (219.148.133.31)
duke1988   pts/45       Jul 31 14:41    (218.104.163.66)
liuzk423   pts/6        Jul 20 08:27    (219.245.104.240)
nefu_luyanshen   pts/23       Jul 31 14:33      (218.25.6.142)
nefu_luyanshen   pts/48       Jul 31 12:59      (218.25.6.142)
shuzigui   pts/21       Jul 31 12:11    (121.35.248.193)
tomotoboy   pts/41       Jul 31 13:31   (219.221.99.155)
waterlooz   pts/25       Jul 31 08:48   (121.0.29.225)
wsoangel   pts/35       Jul 31 13:40    (116.233.219.10)
xp55699312   pts/42       Jul 31 14:12  (61.152.132.103)
zyy0904    pts/43       Jul 31 13:53    (125.33.195.36)

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >VALUE=sed.txt
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy , '.*'
expr: syntax error
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE:tomotoboy
sed.txt:tomotoboy
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE: tomotoboy
expr: syntax error
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy
0
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE :tomotoboy
expr: syntax error
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy
0
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy, '.*'
expr: syntax error
/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy , '.*'
expr: syntax error

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE :  '.*'
7

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : tomotoboy
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : "tomotoboy"
0

/home/l/g/tomotoboy >expr $VALUE : "nefu_luyanshen"
0

[color=red]这里没有搞懂，tomotoboy和nefu_luyanshen，明明存在而结果是0[/color]