16.1 单元测试

参数化测试：

测试运行器：
默认的测试运行器是BlockJunit4ClassRunner，对于大多数单元测试足够用。但是当使用JUnit提供的一些高级特性（比如参数化测试、打包测试、或者对特殊需求定制JUnit测试方式）时，需在测试类前显式声明测试运行器。
如 @RunWith(Parameterized.class) 用在参数化测试。

JUnit4断言见P605

模拟利器Mockito

需要下载jar包
设定Mock对象的期望行为及返回值，验证交互行为
例子：

--  MockitoSampleTest.java

package sample.mockito;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import com.baobaotao.domain.User;
import com.baobaotao.service.UserService;
import com.baobaotao.service.UserServiceImpl;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

public class MockitoSampleTest {
    //模拟接口
    UserService mockUserService = mock(UserService.class);
    //模拟实现类
    UserServiceImpl mockServiceImpl = mock(UserServiceImpl.class);
    //基于注释模拟类
    @Mock User mockUser;

    @Before 
    public void initMocks() {
        //初始化当前测试类所有@Mock注释模拟对象
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    //模拟接口UserService测试
    public void testMockInterface() {
        //对方法设定返回值 
        when(mockUserService.findUserByUserName("tom")).thenReturn(
                new User("tom", "1234"));
        // when(mockUserService.hasMatchUser("tom", "1234")).thenReturn(true);
        doReturn(true).when(mockUserService).hasMatchUser("tom", "1234"); 
        //对void方法进行方法预期设定 
        User u = new User("John", "1234");
        doNothing().when(mockUserService).registerUser(u); 

        //执行方法调用 
        User user = mockUserService.findUserByUserName("tom");
        boolean isMatch = mockUserService.hasMatchUser("tom","1234");
        mockUserService.registerUser(u);

        assertNotNull(user);
        assertEquals(user.getUserName(), "tom");
        assertEquals(isMatch, true);

        //验证交互行为
        verify(mockUserService).findUserByUserName("tom");
        //验证方法只调用一次
        verify(mockUserService, times(1)).findUserByUserName("tom");
        //验证方法至少调用一次
        verify(mockUserService, atLeastOnce()).findUserByUserName("tom");
        verify(mockUserService, atLeast(1)).findUserByUserName("tom");
        //验证方法至多调用一次
        verify(mockUserService, atMost(1)).findUserByUserName("tom");

        verify(mockUserService).hasMatchUser("tom", "1234");
        verify(mockUserService).registerUser(u);

    }

    //模拟实现类UserServiceImpl测试
    @Test
    public void testMockClass() {
        //对方法设定返回值
        when(mockServiceImpl.findUserByUserName("tom")).thenReturn(new User("tom", "1234"));
        doReturn(true).when(mockServiceImpl).hasMatchUser("tom", "1234"); 

        User user = mockServiceImpl.findUserByUserName("tom");
        boolean isMatch = mockServiceImpl.hasMatchUser("tom","1234");
        assertNotNull(user);
        assertEquals(user.getUserName(), "tom");
        assertEquals(isMatch, true);
        //验证交互行为
        verify(mockServiceImpl).findUserByUserName("tom");
        verify(mockServiceImpl).hasMatchUser("tom", "1234");
    }


    //模拟User类测试
    @Test
    public void testMockUser() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(mockUser);
        when(mockUser.getUserId()).thenReturn(1);
        when(mockUser.getUserName()).thenReturn("tom");
        assertEquals(mockUser.getUserId(),1);
        assertEquals(mockUser.getUserName(), "tom");
    }   

}